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PRINTER'S NO. 2123
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA
SENATE BILL
No.
1115
Session of
2018
INTRODUCED BY BROWNE, OCTOBER 17, 2018
REFERRED TO JUDICIARY, OCTOBER 17, 2018
AN ACT
Amending Title 20 (Decedents, Estates and Fiduciaries) of the
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in administration and
personal representatives, providing for different duties and
liabilities of personal representatives; in incapacitated
persons, further providing for provisions concerning powers,
duties and liabilities; in powers of attorney, further
providing for durable powers of attorney and for liability
for refusal to accept power of attorney and providing for
judicial relief; in limitations on exercise of trustee powers
and powers of beneficiaries to appoint trustees, further
providing for certain trustee powers not exercisable; in
powers of appointment, providing for creditors' rights; and,
in trusts, further providing for cotrustees - UTC 703, for
powers to direct - UTC 808 and for duty to inform and report.
The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
hereby enacts as follows:
Section 1. Title 20 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated
Statutes is amended by adding a section to read:
ยง 3327.1. Different duties and liabilities of personal
representatives.
A will may assign different duties and different standards of
care to different personal representatives and may limit the
liability of a personal representative who acts upon the
direction of another personal representative to whom a duty is
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exclusively given by the will or who complies with the veto of
another personal representative to whom a power to veto is
exclusively given by the will. In such a situation, the rules of
section 7763(i) (relating to cotrustees - UTC 703) shall apply.
Section 2. Section 5521 of Title 20 is amended by adding
subsections to read:
ยง 5521. Provisions concerning powers, duties and liabilities.
* * *
(b.1) (Reserved).
(b.2) Powers of guardian of the estate with further court
approval.--A guardian of the estate of an incapacitated person
may have the following powers only with further court
authorization or confirmation:
(1) Continue any business in which the incapacitated
person has an ownership interest, for the benefit of the
incapacitated person's estate, after the court gives due
regard to the order of appointment and any other factor
deemed relevant, and aided by the report of a master if
necessary. An order by the court under this paragraph may be
with or without notice. If prior notice is not given to all
parties in interest, it shall be given within five days after
the order or within such extended time as the court, for
cause shown, shall allow. Any party in interest may, at any
time, petition the court to revoke or modify the order. The
order may provide:
(i) for the conduct of business by the guardian of
the estate alone or jointly with others, or as a
corporation, partnership, limited liability company or
other entity to be formed;
(ii) the extent of the liability of the estate or
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any part thereof, or of the guardian of the estate, for
obligations incurred in the continuation of the business;
(iii) whether liabilities incurred in the conduct of
the business are to be chargeable solely to the part of
the estate set aside for use in the business or to the
estate as a whole;
(iv) the period of time the business may be
conducted;
(v) for the compensation of the guardian of the
estate actively managing, supervising or engaging in the
operation of an entity or business, from the estate's
assets or from the entity or business, as appropriate,
provided that the compensation is reasonably based upon
the actual responsibilities assumed and performed; and
(vi) other regulations, including accountings, as
the court shall deem advisable.
(2) After notice to all parties in interest and after
the court gives due regard to the order of appointment and
any other factor deemed relevant and aided by the report of a
master if necessary:
(i) Organize a corporation or form a partnership,
limited liability company or other entity to carry on the
business of the incapacitated person, whether the
business was owned solely or with others, with the
guardian of the estate exercising this power alone or
jointly with others.
(ii) Contribute for stock of the corporation, as
capital, or for an interest in a partnership, limited
liability company or other entity, all or part of the
property of the incapacitated person that was invested in
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the business.
(3) With respect to the real property of the estate:
(i) Sell or buy any real property at public, private
or judicial sale, exchange any real property or grant or
obtain an option for the sale, purchase or exchange of
any real property. The court may direct:
(A) The terms and security for any of these
powers.
(B) The reasonable notice to the parties in
interest, including heirs of the incapacitated
person.
(ii) Join with the spouse of the incapacitated
person in the performance of any of the acts under
subparagraph (i) with respect to property held by the
entireties.
(iii) Release the right of the incapacitated person
in the real property of the person's spouse and join in
the deed of the spouse on behalf of the incapacitated
person.
(iv) Abandon any real property.
(4) A guardian of the estate may compromise or settle
any claim by or against the estate, through litigation or
otherwise. The guardian shall seek approval of the orphans'
court division having jurisdiction of the guardianship of any
such compromise or settlement, subject to the following:
(i) The court may enter a decree authorizing the
compromise or settlement to be made:
(A) On petition by the guardian of the estate or
any party in interest setting forth all the facts and
circumstances.
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(B) After notice as the court directs.
(C) Aided if necessary by the report of a
master.
(ii) For a compromise or settlement of an action in
which damages are sought on behalf of the estate, the
court that has jurisdiction and in which the action is
pending may approve the compromise or settlement,
including an agreement for the payment of counsel fees
and other proper expenses incident to the action, upon:
(A) oral motion by plaintiff's counsel of record
in the action; or
(B) petition by the guardian of the estate.
(iii) The order of the court approving the
compromise or settlement or the agreement for the payment
of counsel fees and other expenses shall be subject to
approval of the orphans' court division having
jurisdiction of the guardianship.
(iv) The guardian of the estate shall file a copy of
the order of the court approving the compromise or
settlement with the clerk of the court having
jurisdiction of the estate. When the guardian of the
estate has been required to give bond, the guardian may
not receive the proceeds of the compromise or settlement
until:
(A) the court of the county having jurisdiction
of the estate has made an order excusing the guardian
from entering additional security; or
(B) the guardian has entered the additional
security that is required by the court of the county
having jurisdiction of the estate.
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* * *
Section 3. Sections 5604(d) and (e) and 5608.1(b)(7) and (8)
of Title 20 are amended to read:
ยง 5604. Durable powers of attorney.
* * *
(d) Discovery of information and records regarding actions
of agent.--
(1) If the agency acting pursuant to the act of November
6, 1987 (P.L.381, No.79), known as the Older Adults
Protective Services Act, or the act of October 7, 2010
(P.L.484, No.70), known as the Adult Protective Services Act,
is denied access to records necessary for the completion of a
proper investigation of a report or a client assessment and
service plan or the delivery of needed services in order to
prevent further abuse, neglect, exploitation or abandonment
of the adult principal or older adult principal reported to
be in need of protective services, the agency may petition
the court of common pleas for an order requiring the
appropriate access when either of the following conditions
applies:
(i) the adult principal or older adult principal has
provided written consent for confidential records to be
disclosed and the agent denies access; or
(ii) the agency can demonstrate that the adult
principal or older adult principal has denied or directed
the agent to deny access to the records because of
incompetence, coercion, extortion or justifiable fear of
future abuse, neglect, exploitation or abandonment.
(2) This petition may be filed in the county wherein the
agent resides or has his principal place of business or, if a
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nonresident, in the county wherein the adult principal or
older adult principal resides. The court, after reasonable
notice to the agent and to the adult principal or older adult
principal, may conduct a hearing on the petition.
(3) Upon the failure of the agent to provide the
requested information, the court may make and enforce such
further orders.
(4) A determination to grant or deny an order, whether
in whole or in part, shall not be considered a finding
regarding the competence, capacity or impairment of the adult
principal or older adult principal, nor shall the granting or
denial of an order preclude the availability of other
remedies involving protection of the person or estate of the
adult principal or older adult principal or the rights and
duties of the agent.
(e) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following
words and phrases shall have the meanings given to them in this
subsection:
"Abandonment." As that term is defined in the act of
November 6, 1987 (P.L.381, No.79), known as the Older Adults
Protective Services Act[.], or the act of October 7, 2010
(P.L.484, No.70), known as the Adult Protective Services Act.
"Abuse." As that term is defined in the act of November 6,
1987 (P.L.381, No.79), known as the Older Adults Protective
Services Act[.], or the act of October 7, 2010 (P.L.484, No.70),
known as the Adult Protective Services Act .
"Adult principal." A principal who is 18 years of age or
older but under 60 years of age.
"Agency." As that term is defined in the act of November 6,
1987 (P.L.381, No.79), known as the Older Adults Protective
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Services Act, except that in cities of the first class the term
shall mean the Department of Aging[.], or the act of October 7,
2010 (P.L.484, No.70), known as the Adult Protective Services
Act.
"Exploitation." As that term is defined in the act of
November 6, 1987 (P.L.381, No.79), known as the Older Adults
Protective Services Act[.], or the act of October 7, 2010
(P.L.484, No.70), known as the Adult Protective Services Act.
"Neglect." As that term is defined in the act of November 6,
1987 (P.L.381, No.79), known as the Older Adults Protective
Services Act[.], or the act of October 7, 2010 (P.L.484, No.70),
known as the Adult Protective Services Act.
"Older adult principal." A principal who is 60 years of age
or older.
ยง 5608.1. Liability for refusal to accept power of attorney.
* * *
(b) Acceptance not required.--A person may not be required
to accept a power of attorney if any of the following applies:
* * *
(7) The person makes a report to the local protective
services agency under section 302 of the act of November 6,
1987 (P.L.381, No.79), known as the Older Adults Protective
Services Act, or the act of October 7, 2010 (P.L.484, No.70),
known as the Adult Protective Services Act, stating a good
faith belief that the principal may be subject to physical or
financial abuse, neglect, exploitation or abandonment by the
agent or someone acting for or with the agent.
(8) The person has actual knowledge that another person
has made a report to the local protective services agency
under section 302 of the Older Adults Protective Services Act
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or the Adult Protective Services Act stating a good faith
belief that the principal may be subject to physical or
financial abuse, neglect, exploitation or abandonment by the
agent or someone acting for or with the agent.
* * *
Section 4. Title 20 is amended by adding a section to read:
ยง 5615. Judicial relief.
(a) Petitioner.--The following may petition a court to
construe a power of attorney or review the agent's conduct and
grant appropriate relief:
(1) the principal or the agent;
(2) a guardian, conservator or other fiduciary acting
for the principal;
(3) a person authorized to make health care decisions
for the principal;
(4) the principal's spouse, parent or descendant;
(5) an individual who could qualify as an intestate
successor of the principal;
(6) a person named as a beneficiary:
(i) to receive any property, benefit or contractual
right on the principal's death; or
(ii) of a trust created by or for the principal;
(7) a governmental agency having regulatory authority to
protect the welfare of the principal;
(8) the principal's caregiver or another person that
demonstrates sufficient interest in the principal's welfare;
and
(9) a person asked to accept the power of attorney.
(b) Principal.--Upon motion by the principal, the court
shall dismiss a petition filed under this section, unless the
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court finds that the principal lacks capacity to revoke the
agent's authority or the power of attorney.
Section 5. Section 7504(c)(2) of Title 20 is amended to
read:
ยง 7504. Certain trustee powers not exercisable.
* * *
(c) Exceptions.--This section shall not apply to:
* * *
(2) A trust created under a governing instrument
executed on or before March 21, 1999, if no part of the
principal of the trust would have been included in the gross
estate of the trustee for Federal estate tax purposes if the
trustee had died [on March 21, 1999,] without the benefit of
this section having been enacted, without having exercised
the power under the governing instrument to make
discretionary distributions of principal or income to or for
the benefit of the trustee, the trustee's estate or the
creditors of either.
Section 6. Title 20 is amended by adding a section to read:
ยง 7607. Creditors' rights.
Property subject to a power of appointment shall not, by
virtue of the power, be available to the creditors of the donee
of the power, except to the extent:
(1) the donee expressly exercises a broad power of
appointment in favor of the donee's creditors or the estate's
creditors;
(2) the creation of the power was connected with a
fraudulent conveyance on those creditors;
(3) the power of appointment is broad and the donee is
also the donor of the power; or
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(4) the power is broad and is presently exercisable by
the donee, except that an unrestricted power to withdraw the
greater of the amount specified in section 2041(b)(2),
2503(b) or 2514(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986
(Public Law 99-514, 26 U.S.C. ยง 2041(b)(2), 2503(b) or
2514(e)) or any lesser amount determined by reference to one
or more of these provisions may not be treated as a presently
exercisable broad power of appointment for purposes of this
section.
Section 7. Sections 7763(g) and 7778 heading, (b), (c) and
(d) of Title 20 are amended and the sections are amended by
adding subsections to read:
ยง 7763. Cotrustees - UTC 703.
* * *
(g) Reasonable care.--[Each] Except as provided in
subsection (i), each trustee shall exercise reasonable care to:
(1) prevent a cotrustee from committing a breach of
trust involving fraud or self-dealing; and
(2) compel a cotrustee to redress a breach of trust
involving fraud or self-dealing.
* * *
(i) Different duties and standards of care among
cotrustees.--A trust instrument may assign different duties and
standards of care to different trustees and may limit the
liability of a trustee who acts upon the direction of another
trustee to whom a duty is exclusively given by the trust
instrument or who complies with the veto of another trustee to
whom a power to veto is exclusively given by the trust
instrument. The duties and powers assigned may be those of a
trust director described in section 7778 (relating to powers to
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direct). Where a trust instrument confers upon a cotrustee the
power to direct or to veto certain actions of the trustees and
excludes another trustee from participating in the exercise of
the power, the following rules apply in respect to the actions
unless the trust instrument provides otherwise:
(1) The excluded trustee shall act in accordance with
the cotrustee's written direction or written veto and shall
not be liable, individually or as a fiduciary, for any loss
resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with that
direction or veto or from the cotrustee's failure to respond
to a recommendation by the excluded trustee that the
cotrustee has the power to veto.
(2) The excluded trustee has no duty, beyond seeking the
cotrustee's direction or veto, to monitor the conduct of the
cotrustee, to provide advice to or consult with the cotrustee
or to inquire, investigate or evaluate the cotrustee's
decisions or lack of decisions. If the excluded trustee takes
any action beyond the excluded trustee's duty, the excluded
trustee shall not be liable for failure to do so in the
future.
(3) The excluded trustee shall not be required to give
notice to any beneficiary of any action taken or not taken by
the cotrustee, whether or not the excluded trustee agrees
with the action. If the excluded trustee gives the notice,
the excluded trustee shall not be liable for failure to do so
in the future. An excluded trustee shall not be liable for
taking administrative actions to implement the cotrustee's
actions or for confirming that those actions have been taken.
(4) The cotrustee who holds the power to direct or to
veto certain actions with respect to the trust is liable to
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the beneficiaries with respect to the exercise of or failure
to exercise the power to the same extent as if the excluded
trustee were not in office and has the exclusive obligation
to account to the beneficiaries and defend any action brought
by the beneficiaries with respect to the exercise of or
failure to exercise the power.
ยง 7778. Powers to direct [- UTC 808].
* * *
[(b) Compliance with power.--If a trust instrument confers
upon a person other than the settlor of a revocable trust power
to direct certain actions of the trustee, the trustee shall act
in accordance with a written exercise of the power unless the
attempted exercise is manifestly contrary to the trust
instrument or the trustee knows the attempted exercise would
constitute a serious breach of a fiduciary duty that the person
holding the power owes to the beneficiaries of the trust.
(c) Modification or termination of trust.--A trust
instrument may confer upon a trustee or other person a power to
modify or terminate the trust.
(d) Fiduciary relationship.--A person other than a
beneficiary who holds a power to direct certain actions of a
trustee is presumptively a fiduciary who, as such, is required
to act in good faith with regard to the purposes of the trust
and the interests of the beneficiaries. The holder of a power to
direct is liable for any loss that results from breach of the
holder's fiduciary duty.]
(e) Trust director, in general.--A trust instrument may
appoint a trust director to make or veto investment,
distribution or other decisions affecting the trust or to serve
as a trust protector. A trust director may but need not be a
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trustee of the trust. The trust instrument may appoint more than
one person in any such capacity. Trust directors are fiduciaries
within the scope of their appointment.
(f) Trust director for investments.--Unless the trust
instrument provides otherwise:
(1) A trust director for investments shall have the
power to:
(i) direct the trustee or veto the trustee's
recommendations as to the investment of the trust assets;
(ii) direct the trustee or veto the trustee's
recommendations as to the voting of proxies and the
exercise of other voting powers associated with the
trust's assets;
(iii) select and determine reasonable compensation
of one or more investment advisors or managers, even if a
trustee, and authorize or engage them to perform any of
the investment powers of the trust director;
(iv) determine the frequency and methodology for
valuing trust assets; and
(v) exercise or veto the trustee's exercise of any
other investment power the trustee has or might have.
(2) The provisions of Chapter 72 (relating to prudent
investor rule) shall apply to a trust director for
investments to the same extent they would apply to the
trustee.
(g) Trust director for distributions.--A trust instrument
may appoint a trust director for distributions to direct the
trustee or veto the trustee's recommendations regarding whether,
how and to whom to make discretionary distributions from the
trust and the amount of the distributions. If the trust
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instrument does not specify the powers of the trust director for
distributions, the office of trust director for distributions
shall be deemed vacant.
(h) Trust protector.--
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), a trust instrument may
appoint a trust director as trust protector to exercise the
powers as the trust instrument may specify, which may include
the powers to:
(i) amend the trust instrument to achieve favorable
tax status or to respond to changes in tax laws, apply
changes in the rule against perpetuities to the trust or
improve the trust's administration;
(ii) change the trust's situs, the trust's governing
law or both;
(iii) remove, appoint or replace an investment
advisor or manager or a member of an investment or
distribution committee and prescribe a plan of succession
for future holders of the office;
(iv) remove, appoint or replace a trustee, appoint
one or more successor trustees and prescribe a plan of
succession for future trustees;
(v) remove, appoint or replace a trust director and
specify his powers, which appointment and specification
shall be deemed made by the trust instrument;
(vi) appoint one or more successor trust protectors
and prescribe a plan of succession for future trust
protectors;
(vii) modify or eliminate the interests of any
beneficiaries of the trust, except that the trust
protector may not increase the trust protector's
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beneficial interest, if any, in the trust;
(viii) grant a power of appointment to one or more
beneficiaries of the trust on the terms as the trust
protector may specify or modify the terms of or terminate
a power of appointment granted to a beneficiary by the
trust instrument, except by doing so, the trust protector
may not establish as an object of the power:
(A) any individual or class of individuals who
were not beneficiaries of the trust; or
(B) the trust protector, the trust protector's
estate, creditors or the creditors of the trust
protector's estate; and
(ix) terminate the trust and direct the trustee on
how to distribute the trust property, except that the
trust protector may not increase the trust protector's
beneficial interest, if any, in the trust.
(2) If the trust instrument grants the same power to
both a trust protector and a trust director who shall not be
a trust protector, the trust protector shall control the
exercise of the power. The trust protector shall notify the
Office of Attorney General of the exercise of any of the
foregoing powers if the trustee would be required to give
notice if the trustee exercised the same power.
(i) Trustee disabling provisions applicable to trust
director.--Unless the trust instrument provides otherwise, the
restrictions set forth in Chapter 75 (relating to limitations on
exercise of trustee powers and powers of beneficiaries to
appoint trustees) shall apply to a trust director as if the
trust director were a trustee.
(j) Duty and liability of trust director.--
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(1) In exercising or not exercising the authority
granted in this section or by the trust instrument, a trust
director is subject to the same fiduciary duties and
liabilities that apply to a trustee, unless the trust
instrument provides otherwise, except that the trust
instrument may not exonerate a trust director from liability
to an extent greater than the trust instrument might
exonerate a trustee. A donee of a power of appointment shall
not be a fiduciary with respect to the exercise or
nonexercise of the power of appointment, even if the donee is
also a trust director. A trust director has no duty to:
(i) monitor the trustee's conduct;
(ii) provide advice to or consult with the trustee
on matters outside the trust director's role; or
(iii) give notice to any beneficiary of any action
taken or not taken by a trustee, whether or not the trust
director agrees with the action.
(2) If a trust director takes any such action beyond the
trust director's duty, the trust director shall not be liable
for failure to do so in the future.
(k) Duty and liability of trustee.--If a trust instrument
confers upon a trust director the power to make or to veto
certain decisions regarding the trust, the following rules apply
in relation to the matters the trust director may decide or veto
unless the trust instrument provides otherwise:
(1) The trustee shall act in accordance with the trust
director's written direction or written veto and shall not be
liable, individually or as a fiduciary, for any loss
resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with that
direction or veto or from the trust director's failure to
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respond to a recommendation by the trustee that the trust
director has the power to veto.
(2) If the trust instrument provides that a trustee
shall act only with the consent of a trust director, the
trustee shall not be liable, individually or as a fiduciary,
for any loss resulting directly or indirectly from any action
taken or not taken as a result of the trust director's
failure to provide the consent.
(3) The trustee has no duty, beyond seeking the trust
director's direction or veto, to monitor the conduct of the
trust director, to provide advice to or consult with the
trust director or to inquire, investigate or evaluate the
trust director's decisions or lack of decisions. If a trust
director takes any such action beyond the trust director's
duty, the trust director shall not be liable for failure to
do so in the future.
(4) The trustee shall not be required to give notice to
any beneficiary of any action taken or not taken by a trust
director, whether or not the trustee agrees with the action.
If a trust director gives the notice, the trust director
shall not be liable for failure to do so in the future. The
trustee shall not be liable for taking administrative actions
to implement the trust director's actions or for confirming
that those actions have been taken.
(l) Acceptance and rejection of trust director's role.--
(1) A person designated as a trust director accepts the
appointment to serve in that capacity:
(i) by substantially complying with a method of
acceptance specified in the trust instrument; or
(ii) if the trust instrument does not specify a
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method for acceptance, or the method provided in the
trust instrument shall not be expressly exclusive, by
exercising powers or performing duties as a trust
director or otherwise indicating acceptance of the
appointment to serve as a trust director.
(2) A person designated as a trust director may reject
the appointment to serve in that capacity. A trustee may
request in writing that a person designated as a trust
director accept that role in writing. If requested to accept
that role in writing, the person designated as a trust
director who does not accept in writing an appointment within
60 days after receipt of the trustee's written request shall
be considered to have rejected the appointment to serve as a
trust director. If the trust director does not accept
appointment or there is a vacancy in the position, the
powers, duties and responsibilities of the trustee shall be
determined as if the office of the trust director had not
been created, unless the trust instrument provides otherwise.
(m) Action by multiple trust directors who share a role.--
When more than one trust director is authorized to act on a
matter entrusted to them and they are unable to reach a
unanimous decision on the matter, they may act by majority vote,
unless the trust instrument provides otherwise.
(n) Resignation by trust director.--A trust director may
resign:
(1) if allowed to do so by the trust instrument;
(2) upon at least 30 days' advance notice in writing to
the qualified beneficiaries of the trust, the settlor if sui
juris and all trustees, unless the trust instrument provides
otherwise; or
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(3) with court approval.
(o) Removal of trust director.--The settlor, a trustee or a
beneficiary of an irrevocable trust may petition the court to
remove a trust director, or a trust director may be removed by
the court on its own initiative, for any of the reasons for
which the court may remove a trustee. Pending a final decision
whether to remove a trust director, or in lieu of or in addition
to removing a trust director, the court may order appropriate
relief to protect the trust or the interests of the
beneficiaries.
(p) Compensation and reimbursement of trust director.--A
trust director is entitled to reasonable compensation and
reimbursement of expenses on the terms provided in the trust
instrument or, in the absence of the terms, as the law provides
for trustees.
(q) Jurisdiction over trust director.--By accepting an
appointment to serve as a trust director of a trust having its
situs in this Commonwealth, the trust director submits to the
jurisdiction of the courts of this Commonwealth to the same
extent as the trustee, notwithstanding any contrary provision in
the trust instrument or in any agreement apart from the trust
instrument. The trust director may be made a party to any action
or proceeding involving issues relating to a decision and action
or inaction by the trust director within the scope of the trust
director's authority.
(r) Trustee may not delegate trust director's role.--A
trustee may not delegate a duty or power under section 7777
(relating to delegation by trustee) that the trust instrument
gives to a trust director.
Section 8. Section 7780.3(i) of Title 20 is amended to read:
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ยง 7780.3. Duty to inform and report.
* * *
(i) Contents of notice.--Except as provided in subsection
(g), any notice under this section shall be written and convey
the following information:
(1) The fact of the trust's existence.
(2) The identity of the settlor.
(3) The [trustee's] name, address and telephone number
of each trustee.
(4) The recipient's right to receive [upon request] a
copy of the trust instrument.
(5) Each current beneficiary's right to receive, at
least annually, upon request, periodic written financial
reports concerning the trust.
(6) The name, address and telephone number of each trust
director.
* * *
Section 9. This act shall take effect in 60 days.
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