PRIOR PRINTER'S NOS. 600, 1775 PRINTER'S NO. 2328
No. 552 Session of 1977
INTRODUCED BY MESSRS. ITKIN, B. F. O'BRIEN, MISCEVICH, ABRAHAM,
TRELLO, GAMBLE, McCALL, LEHR, SWEET AND J. L. WRIGHT,
MARCH 7, 1977
AS RE-REPORTED FROM COMMITTEE ON MINES AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT,
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, AS AMENDED, NOVEMBER 21, 1977
AN ACT
1 Providing for the regulation for energy conservation purposes of
2 the construction of buildings, the establishment of a
3 Building Energy Conservation Committee, appeals and for
4 penalties.
5 TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 Chapter 1. General Provisions
7 Section 101. Short title.
8 Section 102. Legislative findings and declaration of
9 purpose.
10 Section 103. Definitions.
11 Chapter 2. Energy Conservation Standards
12 Section 201. Provisions.
13 Subchapter A. Plans and Specifications
14 Section 202. Submission.
15 Section 203. Contents.
16 Subchapter B. Definitions Relating to Energy Conservation
17 Standards
18 Section 204. Definitions relating to standards.
1 Subchapter C. Building Envelope
2 Section 205. General provisions.
3 Section 206. Criteria for residential buildings.
4 Section 207. Other buildings.
5 Section 208. Air leakage.
6 Subchapter D. Warm Air Heating, Ventilating and Air
7 Conditioning Systems and Equipment
8 Section 209. General provisions.
9 Section 210. Design requirements.
10 Section 211. Cooling with outdoor air.
11 Section 212. Mechanical ventilation.
12 Section 213. Simultaneous heating and cooling.
13 Section 214. Reheat systems.
14 Section 215. Dual duct and multizone systems.
15 Section 216. Recooling systems.
16 Section 217. Multiple zones.
17 Section 218. Concurrent operation.
18 Section 219. Equipment performance requirements.
19 Section 220. Duct insulation.
20 Section 221. System controls.
21 Section 222. Steam and hot water heating piping.
22 Subchapter E. Plumbing Systems
23 Section 223. Purpose.
24 Section 224. Fixtures.
25 Section 225. Insulation.
26 Section 226. Equipment.
27 Section 227. Controls.
28 Subchapter F. Electrical Systems
29 Section 228. System requirements.
30 Subchapter G. Lighting
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1 Section 229. Light power budget.
2 Section 230. Calculation methods.
3 Section 231. Building interiors.
4 Section 232. Building exteriors.
5 Section 233. Exceptions to criteria.
6 Section 234. Calculation procedure.
7 Subchapter H. Alternative Systems
8 Section 235. Performance alternative.
9 Section 236. Nondepletable sources.
10 Section 237. Documentation.
11 Chapter 3. Application of Standards: Establishment of
12 Committee and Penalties
13 Section 301. Modification of standards; criteria.
14 Section 302. Application of energy conservation standards.
15 Section 303. Energy conservation manual for buildings.
16 Section 304. Building Energy Conservation Committee.
17 Section 305. Certification.
18 Section 306. Variances.
19 Section 307. Building permits.
20 Section 308. Permits for use or occupancy.
21 Section 309. Failure to submit certification.
22 Section 310. Inspections.
23 Section 311. Failure to comply with provisions of this act. <--
24 Section 312 311. Appeals. <--
25 Section 313 312. Penalties. <--
26 Section 314 313. Enforcement. <--
27 CHAPTER 4. DEPARTMENT'S STANDARD <--
28 SECTION 401. ADOPTION AND PROMULGATION OF STANDARDS
29 Section 315 402. Effective date. <--
30 The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
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1 hereby enacts as follows:
2 CHAPTER 1
3 GENERAL PROVISIONS
4 Section 101. Short title.
5 This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Building
6 Energy Conservation Act."
7 Section 102. Legislative findings and declaration of purpose.
8 (a) Findings.--The Legislature hereby determines that:
9 (1) Energy shortages in the domestic supply present far-
10 reaching problems that promise to persist. These energy
11 shortages effect the continued efficient operation of the
12 Commonwealth's economy and social structure.
13 (2) It is the Commonwealth's responsibility to provide
14 for energy conservation through regulation of design and
15 construction standards.
16 (3) The Legislature intends, by this act, to respond to
17 these shortages by devising a specific responsible energy
18 conservation policy for building systems.
19 (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this act is to grant to the
20 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and direct it to exercise specific
21 authority in building construction to assure that such
22 construction is performed using materials and techniques that
23 will provide for energy conservation in the future operation and
24 maintenance of said structure.
25 Section 103. Definitions.
26 The following words and phrases when used in this act shall
27 have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the
28 meanings given to them in this section:
29 "Building." Any structure that provides facilities or
30 shelter for public assembly or for educational, business,
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1 mercantile, institutional, warehouse or residential occupancy,
2 or industrial use including, but not limited to, those portions
3 of factory and industrial occupancy such as office space except
4 for:
5 (1) Buildings and structures or portions thereof whose
6 peak design rate of energy usage is less than one watt per
7 square foot or 3.4 BTU/hr per square foot of floor area for
8 all purposes.
9 (2) Structures or those portions of structures used for
10 manufacturing or processing and whose manufacturing or
11 processing procedures require the use of substantial heat
12 producing energy to create their product.
13 (3) Buildings which are neither heated nor cooled.
14 (4) Historic buildings.
15 "Construction." The erection, fabrication or renovation of a
16 building.
17 "Department." The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and
18 Industry EXCEPT THAT FOR ALL UNITS SUBJECT TO THE ACT OF MAY 11, <--
19 1972 (P.L.286, NO.70), KNOWN AS THE "INDUSTRIALIZED HOUSING
20 ACT," AND ALL BUILDINGS CLASSIFIED AS USE GROUP R-3, HEREIN,
21 DEPARTMENT MEANS THE PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY
22 AFFAIRS.
23 "Design." Calculations and resultant drawings and
24 specifications which are used for the construction of a
25 building.
26 "Historic building." Any building which is deliberately
27 preserved beyond its normal term of use because of historic
28 associations, architectural interest, or public policy; or which
29 qualifies for special historic building code provisions.
30 "LICENSED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL." A PERSON LICENSED AS AN <--
19770H0552B2328 - 5 -
1 ARCHITECT OR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER PURSUANT TO THE APPROPRIATE
2 LICENSURE ACT.
3 "Life-cycle cost." The cost of a building including its
4 initial cost, the cost of the energy consumed over its economic
5 life and the cost of its operation and maintenance.
6 "Performance standards." Parameters within which designers
7 of buildings shall work. The specific practices that a designer
8 employs shall not be prescribed as long as the result is within
9 the parameters established by the standards.
10 "Renovation." The rehabilitation of an existing building to <--
11 reasonably place it in its original structural condition and
12 which requires more than 25% of the gross floor area or volume
13 of the entire building to be rebuilt.
14 CHAPTER 2
15 ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS
16 Section 201. Provisions.
17 The following provisions regulate the design and construction
18 of the exterior envelopes and selection of HVAC, service water
19 heating, electrical distribution, and illumination systems and
20 equipment required for the purpose of effective use of energy
21 and shall govern the construction of all buildings, or portions
22 thereof, as provided herein.
23 SUBCHAPTER A
24 PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
25 Section 202. Submission.
26 Plans, specifications and necessary computations together
27 with the necessary certification required by section 305 shall
28 be submitted to indicate conformance with this chapter and other
29 applicable chapters of this act.
30 Section 203. Contents.
19770H0552B2328 - 6 -
1 The plans and specifications shall show in sufficient detail
2 all pertinent data and features of the building and the
3 equipment and systems as herein governed, including but not
4 limited to: exterior envelope component materials, U values of
5 elements, R values of insulating materials, size and type of
6 apparatus and equipment, equipment and system controls and other
7 pertinent data to indicate conformance with the requirements
8 herein.
9 SUBCHAPTER B
10 DEFINITIONS RELATING TO
11 ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS
12 Section 204. Definitions relating to standards.
13 The following words and phrases when used in this chapter
14 shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the
15 meanings given to them in this section:
16 "Coefficient of beam utilization" (CBU). The ratio of the
17 luminous flux (lumens) reaching a specified area directly from a
18 floodlight or projector to the total beam luminous flux.
19 "Coefficient of performance" (COP) - cooling: The ratio of
20 the rate of net heat removal to the rate of total energy input,
21 expressed in consistent units and under designated rating
22 conditions.
23 "Coefficient of performance" (COP) - heat pump, heating: The
24 ratio of the rate of net heat output to the rate of total energy
25 input, expressed in consistent units and under designated rating
26 conditions.
27 The rate of net heat output shall be defined as the change in
28 the total heat contents of the air entering and leaving the
29 equipment not including supplementary heat.
30 Total energy input shall be determined by combining the
19770H0552B2328 - 7 -
1 energy inputs to all elements, except supplementary heaters, of
2 the heat pump, including, but not limited to, compressors,
3 pumps, supply air fans, return air fans, outdoor air fans,
4 cooling tower fans and the heating, ventilating and air
5 conditioning system equipment control circuit.
6 "Coefficient of utilization" (CU). The ratio of the luminous
7 flux (lumens) from a luminaire received on the work plane to the
8 lumens emitted by the luminaire's lamps alone.
9 "Color rendition." General expression for the effect of a
10 light source on the color. Appearance of objects in conscious or
11 subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a
12 reference light source.
13 "Degree day, heating." A unit, based upon temperature
14 difference and time, used in estimating fuel consumption and
15 specifying nominal heating load of a building in winter. For any
16 one day, when the mean temperature is less than 65 F., there
17 exists as many degree days as there are Fahrenheit degrees
18 difference in temperature between the mean temperature for the
19 day and 65 F.
20 "Energy efficiency ratio" (EER). The ratio of net cooling
21 capacity in Btuh to total rate of electric input in watts under
22 designated operating conditions.
23 "Equivalent sphere illumination" (ESI). The level of sphere
24 illumination which would produce task visibility equivalent to
25 that produced by a specific lighting environment.
26 "Exterior envelope." The elements of a building which
27 enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be
28 transferred to or from the exterior.
29 "Floodlighting." A lighting system designated to light an
30 area using projector type luminaires usually capable of being
19770H0552B2328 - 8 -
1 pointed in any direction.
2 "Flood "FLOOR area, gross." Gross floor area shall be the <--
3 floor area within the perimeter of the outside walls of the
4 building under consideration, without deduction for hallways,
5 stairs, closets, thickness of walls, columns or other features.
6 "Illumination." The density of the luminous flux incident on
7 a surface. it IT is the quotient of the luminous flux by the <--
8 area of the surface when the latter is uniformly illuminated.
9 "Light loss factor" (LLF). A factor used in calculating the
10 level of illumination after a given period of time and under
11 given conditions. It takes into account temperature and voltage
12 variations, dirt accumulation on luminaire and room surfaces,
13 lamp depreciation, maintenance procedures and atmosphere
14 conditions.
15 "Luminaire." A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp
16 or lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the
17 light, to position and protect the lamps and to connect the
18 lamps to the power supply.
19 "Packaged terminal air conditioner." A factory selected
20 combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or
21 sections, intended to serve a room or zone.
22 "Power." In connection with machines, power is the time rate
23 of doing work. In connection with the transmission of energy of
24 all types, power refers to the rate at which energy is
25 transmitted; in customary units, it is measured in watts (W) or
26 British thermal units per hour (Btuh) and in SI units is
27 measured in watts (W).
28 "Reflectance." The ratio of the light reflected by a surface
29 to the light falling upon it.
30 "Reheat." The application of sensible heat to supply air
19770H0552B2328 - 9 -
1 that has been previously cooled below the temperature of the
2 conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or the
3 introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling.
4 "Residential buildings." All buildings and structures or
5 parts thereof shall be classified in the residential (R) use
6 group in which families or households live, or in which sleeping
7 accommodations are provided for individuals with or without
8 dining facilities, excluding those that are classified as
9 institutional buildings.
10 Use group R-1 structures. This use group shall include all
11 hotel and motel buildings, lodging houses, boarding houses and
12 dormitory buildings arranged for the shelter and sleeping
13 accommodation of more than 20 individuals.
14 Use group R-2 structures. This use group shall include all
15 multiple-family dwellings having more than two dwelling units;
16 and shall also include all dormitories, boarding and lodging
17 houses arranged for shelter and sleeping accommodation by more
18 than five and not more than 20 individuals.
19 Use group R-3 structures. This use group shall include all
20 buildings arranged for the use of one or two family dwelling
21 units including not more than five lodgers or boarders per
22 family.
23 "Resistance, thermal" (R). A measure of the ability to
24 retard the flow of heat. The R value is the reciprocal of a heat
25 transfer coefficient, as expressed by U. R = 1/U.
26 "Thermal transmittance" (U). Overall coefficient of heat
27 transmission or thermal transmittance (air to air) expressed in
28 units of BTU per hour per square foot per degree F. It is the
29 time rate of heat flow. The U value applies to combinations of
30 different materials used in series along the heat flow path and
19770H0552B2328 - 10 -
1 also to single materials that comprise a building section and
2 include cavity air spaces and surface air films on both sides.
3 "Thermal transmittance" (Uo). Overall (average) heat
4 transmission or thermal transmittance of a gross area of the
5 exterior building envelope, expressed in units of BTU per hour
6 per square foot per degree F.
7 The Uo value applies to the combined effect of the time rate
8 of heat flows through the various parallel paths, such as
9 windows, doors and opaque construction areas, comprising the
10 gross area of one or more exterior building components, such as
11 walls, floor or roof/ceiling.
12 "Thermostat." An instrument which measures changes in
13 temperature and controls devices for maintaining a desired
14 temperature.
15 "Veiling reflections." Regular reflections superimposed upon
16 diffuse reflections from an object that partially or totally
17 obscure the details to be seen by reducing the contrast. This
18 sometimes is called "reflected glare."
19 "Work plane." The plane at which work usually is done and at
20 which the illumination is specified and measured. Unless
21 otherwise indicated, this is assumed to be a horizontal plane 30
22 in. (0.76 m) above the floor.
23 "Zone." A space or group of spaces within a building with
24 heating or cooling requirements sufficiently similar so that
25 comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a single
26 controlling device.
27 SUBCHAPTER C
28 BUILDING ENVELOPE
29 Section 205. General provisions.
30 (a) Purpose of subchapter.--The intent of this subchapter is
19770H0552B2328 - 11 -
1 to provide minimum requirements for exterior envelope
2 construction in the interest of energy conservation.
3 In addition to the criteria set forth in this subchapter the
4 proposed design may take into consideration the thermal mass of
5 the building in considering energy conservation.
6 (b) Thermal performance.--All buildings and structures that
7 are heated or mechanically cooled shall be constructed so as to
8 provide the required thermal performance of the various
9 components.
10 The required thermal transmittance value (Uo) of any one
11 component, such as roof/ceiling, wall or floor may be increased
12 and the Uo value for other components decreased provided that
13 the overall heat gain or loss for the entire building envelope
14 does not exceed the total resulting from conformance to the
15 required Uo values.
16 (c) Different requirements.--A building that is designed to
17 be both heated and cooled shall meet the more stringent of the
18 heating or cooling requirements of the exterior envelope as
19 provided in this subchapter when requirements differ.
20 (d) Exterior walls.--For the purpose of this subchapter the
21 gross area of exterior walls consists of all opaque wall areas,
22 including foundation walls above grade, peripheral edges of
23 floors, window areas including sash, and door areas, where such
24 surfaces are exposed to outdoor air and enclose a heated or
25 mechanically cooled space.
26 (e) Roof assembly.--For the purpose of this subchapter a
27 roof assembly shall be considered as all components of the
28 roof/ceiling envelope through which heat flows, thereby creating
29 a building transmission heat loss or gain, where such assembly
30 is exposed to outdoor air and encloses a heated or mechanically
19770H0552B2328 - 12 -
1 cooled space.
2 The gross area of a roof assembly consists of the total
3 interior surface of such assembly, including skylights, exposed
4 to the heated or mechanically cooled space.
5 Where air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof or ceiling
6 assembly shall:
7 (1) For thermal transmittance purposes not include the
8 ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly.
9 (2) For gross area purposes be based upon the interior
10 face of the upper plenum surface.
11 Section 206. Criteria for residential buildings.
12 (a) Applicability.--The requirements herein shall apply to
13 all buildings and structures or portions thereof of use groups
14 R-1, R-2 and R-3 that are heated or mechanically cooled when not
15 more than 3 stories or 40 feet in height.
16 (b) Walls.--The gross area of exterior walls above grade,
17 including foundation walls, shall have a combined thermal
18 transmittance value (Uo) not exceeding those specified in Table
19 1. with the following exceptions: <--
20 (1) In locations with less than 500 heating degree days
21 there shall not be a maximum Uo requirement if only heating
22 is provided and the Uo shall be 0.30 maximum if the building
23 is mechanically cooled.
24 (2) The opaque exterior wall areas may be constructed
25 having thermal transmittance (U) values in conjunction with
26 glazed opening areas in accordance with Table 2.
27 Table 1
28 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values for
29 Gross Exterior Wall Assemblies
30 Detached All other
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1 Annual heating degree days* one & two family residential
2 500 0.30 0.38 <--
3 1000 0.29 0.37
4 2000 0.28 0.35
5 3000 0.26 0.33
6 4000 0.25 0.31
7 5000 0.23 0.29
8 6000 0.22 0.27
9 7000 0.20 0.26
10 8000 0.19 0.24 <--
11 9000 0.17 0.22
12 10,000 or more 0.16 0.20
13 *As specified in Chapter 43 ASHRAE Handbook-Systems.
14 Table 2 <--
15 Maximum Allowable "U" Values for Above-Grade Exterior
16 Wall Sections and Corresponding Maximum Allowable
17 Glazed Opening Areas
18 Required "U" opaque walls
19 Btuh per square foot per degree F.
20 (3 stories or less)
21 Yearly Glazed Use group R-3
22 degree days openings per cent glazed opening
23 10 15 20 25
24 2500 or Less Single .21 .15 .09 .03
25 Double .26 .24 .21 .18
26 2501 to 4500 Single .17 .12 .06 .02
27 Double .23 .20 .18 .14
28 4501 to 6000 Single .14 .08 .02 NP
29 Double .19 .17 .14 .10
30 6001 to 8000 Single .12 .06 .01 NP
19770H0552B2328 - 14 -
1 Double .17 .14 .11 .08
2 8001 to 10,000 Single .09 .02 NP NP
3 Double .14 .11 .08 .04
4 10,000 or more Single .05 NP NP NP
5 Double .11 .07 .04 NP
6 Yearly Glazed All other residential
7 degree days openings per cent glazed opening
8 15 20 25 30
9 2500 or Less Single .25 .19 .13 .07
10 Double .33 .31 .29 .27
11 2501 to 4500 Single .20 .14 .08 .03
12 Double .29 .26 .24 .21
13 4501 to 6000 Single .15 .09 .03 NP
14 Double .24 .21 .18 .15
15 6001 to 8000 Single .13 .07 .01 NP
16 Double .21 .19 .16 .13
17 8001 to 10,000 Single .08 .02 NP NP
18 Double .17 .14 .10 .06
19 10,000 or more Single .04 NP NP NP
20 Double .12 .09 .05 NP
21 Note 1. NP - Not Permitted.
22 Note 2. For glazed opening percentages other than those
23 specified above, linear interpolation may be utilized.
24 Note 3. For combinations of single and double glazing, the
25 "U" values above may be interpolated in proportion to the single
26 and double glazed areas utilized.
27 Note 4. To obtain credit for triple glazing or superior
28 quality sash, or to utilize combinations of single and double
29 glazing not permitted by this table, use Table 1.
30 Note 5. Interpolation between given "U" values and between
19770H0552B2328 - 15 -
1 degrees days is not permitted.
2 (c) Roof/ceiling.--The roof/ceiling assemblies shall have a
3 combined thermal transmittance value (Uo) NOT TO EXCEED 0.05 <--
4 EXCEPT THAT ROOF/CEILING ASSEMBLIES IN WHICH THE FINISHED
5 INTERIOR SURFACE IS ESSENTIALLY THE UNDERSIDE OF THE ROOF DECK,
6 SUCH AS A WOODEN CATHEDRAL CEILING, MAY HAVE A "UO" VALUE NOT TO
7 EXCEED 0.08. THESE VALUES PRESUME NO SIGNIFICANT THERMAL
8 TRANSMISSION THROUGH FRAMING MEMBERS, SKYLIGHTS OR OTHER
9 INTERRUPTIONS IN THE ROOF ENVELOPE. IF SUCH INTERRUPTIONS OCCUR,
10 CALCULATIONS MUST BE MADE SHOWING CONFORMANCE TO THE REQUIRED
11 "UO" VALUES. or shall be provided with thermal insulation having <--
12 an "R" value as specified in Table 3 with the following
13 exception:
14 Roof/ceiling assemblies in which the finished interior
15 surface is essentially the underside of the roof deck, such as a
16 wooden cathedral ceiling, may have a "Uo" value not to exceed
17 0.08 BTU per hour per square foot per degree F. for any heating
18 degree day area.
19 Table 3
20 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values and Alternative
21 Minimum Allowable "R" Values of Added Insulation
22 for Roof/Ceiling Assemblies
23 Annual heating degree days Maximum "Uo" Minimum "R"
24 8000 or Less 0.05 19
25 More than 8000 0.04 22
26 Note 1. These values presume no significant thermal
27 transmission through framing members, skylights or other
28 interruptions in the roof envelope. If such interruptions occur,
29 calculations must be made showing conformance to the required
30 "Uo" values.
19770H0552B2328 - 16 -
1 (d) Floors over unheated spaces.--The floor of a heated or
2 mechanically cooled space located over an unheated space shall
3 have a combined thermal transmittance value (Uo) or shall be <--
4 provided with thermal insulation having an "R" value as
5 specified in Table 4. NOT TO EXCEED 0.08. <--
6 Table 4 <--
7 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values and Alternative
8 Minimum Allowable "R" Values of Added Insulation
9 for Floors over Unheated Spaces
10 Annual heating degree days Maximum "Uo" Minimum "R"
11 500* 0.36 --
12 1000 0.32 --
13 2000 0.25 4
14 3000 0.18 6
15 4000 0.11 9
16 4500 or More 0.08 11
17 *Table values may be interpolated.
18 (e) Slab-on grade floors.--
19 (1) For slab-on grade floors, the perimeter of the floor
20 shall be insulated with a material having a thermal
21 resistance value (R) not less than those specified in Table 5 <--
22 2.
23 Table 5 2 <--
24 Minimum Allowable "R" Values of Perimeter
25 Insulation for Slab-On Grade Floors
26 Annual heating degree days Heated slab Unheated slab
27 500* 2.9 -- <--
28 1000 3.3 --
29 2000 4.0 --
30 3000 4.8 2.8
19770H0552B2328 - 17 -
1 4000 5.5 3.5
2 5000 6.3 4.2
3 6000 7.0 4.9
4 7000 7.8 5.5
5 8000 8.5 6.2 <--
6 9000 9.3 6.8
7 10,000 or more 10.0 7.5
8 *Table values may be interpolated.
9 (2) The insulation shall extend downward from the top of
10 the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to
11 the bottom of the slab then horizontally beneath the slab for
12 a minimum total distance of 24 inches.
13 Section 207. Other buildings.
14 (a) Coverage.--The heating and cooling requirements herein
15 shall govern all buildings and structures or portions thereof
16 other than defined by section 206.
17 (b) Heating criteria for walls.--All buildings and
18 structures that are heated shall have a combined thermal
19 transmittance value (Uo) for the gross area of exterior walls
20 not exceeding those specified in Table 6 3. <--
21 Table 6 3 <--
22 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values
23 for Gross Exterior Wall Assemblies
24 3 stories or More than
25 Annual heating degree days 40 ft. or less 3 stories or
26 40 ft.
27 500 0.38 0.47 <--
28 1000 0.37 0.46
29 2000 0.35 0.43
30 3000 0.33 0.41
19770H0552B2328 - 18 -
1 4000 0.31 0.38
2 5000 0.29 0.36
3 6000 0.27 0.33
4 7000 0.26 0.31
5 8000 0.24 0.28 <--
6 9000 0.22 0.28
7 10,000 or more 0.20 0.28
8 (c) Heating criteria for roof/ceiling.--All buildings and
9 structures that are heated shall have combined thermal
10 transmittance value (Uo) for roof/ceiling assemblies not
11 exceeding those specified in Table 7 4. <--
12 Table 7 4 <--
13 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values
14 for Roof/Ceiling Assemblies
15 Annual heating degree days Maximum Uo
16 3000 and less* 0.10 <--
17 4000 0.092
18 4000* 0.092 <--
19 5000 0.084
20 6000 0.076
21 7000 0.068
22 8000 and more 0.06 <--
23 *Table values may be interpolated.
24 (d) Heating criteria for floors over unheated spaces.--The
25 floor of a heated space located over an unheated space shall
26 have a thermal transmittance value (Uo) not exceeding those <--
27 specified in Table 8 0.08.
28 Table 8 <--
29 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values for
30 Floor Assemblies over Unheated Spaces
19770H0552B2328 - 19 -
1 Annual heating degree days Maximum Uo
2 500* 0.36
3 1000 0.32
4 2000 0.25
5 3000 0.18
6 4000 0.11
7 4500 or more 0.08
8 *Table values may be interpolated.
9 (e) Heating criteria for slab-on grade floors.--For slab-on
10 grade floors, the perimeter of the floor shall be insulated with
11 a material having a thermal resistance value (R) not less than
12 those specified in Table 9 5. <--
13 The insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab
14 for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to the bottom of
15 the slab then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum total
16 distance of 24 inches.
17 Table 9 5 <--
18 Minimum Allowable "R" Values of Perimeter
19 Insulation for Slab-On Grade Floors
20 Annual heating degree days Heated slab Unheated slab
21 500* 2.9 -- <--
22 1000 3.3 --
23 2000 4.0 --
24 3000 4.8 2.8
25 4000 5.5 3.5
26 4000* 5.5 3.5 <--
27 5000 6.3 4.2
28 6000 7.0 4.9
29 7000 7.8 5.5
30 8000 8.5 6.2 <--
19770H0552B2328 - 20 -
1 9000 9.3 6.8
2 10,000 or more 10.0 7.5
3 *Table values may be interpolated.
4 (f) Cooling criteria for walls.--All buildings and
5 structures that are mechanically cooled shall have an overall
6 thermal transfer value for the gross area of exterior walls not
7 exceeding those specified in Table 10. <--
8 Table 10
9 Maximum Overall Thermal Transfer Values
10 for Gross Exterior Walls
11 Maximum overall thermal transfer
12 Degrees north latitude value Btuh per square foot
13 24 29.0
14 32 31.3
15 40 33.5
16 48 35.7
17 56 38.0
18 33.5 BTU'S PER HOUR PER SQUARE FOOT BASED ON THE FOLLOWING <--
19 EQUATION:
20 OTTV = (UW X AW X TDEQ) + (AF X SF X SC) + (UF X AF X DELTA T)
21 AO
22 OTTV = OVERALL THERMAL TRANSFER VALUE WHERE:
23 UW = THE THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF ALL ELEMENTS OF THE OPAQUE
24 WALL AREA BTU/H. FT2.F (W/M2K)
25 AW = OPAQUE WALL AREA, FT2 (M2)
26 UF = THE THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE OF THE FENESTRATION AREA
27 BTU/H. FT2.F (W/M2K)
28 AF = FENESTRATION AREA, FT2 (M2)
29 TDEQ = VALUE GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE,F(OC):
30 TABLE FOR TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
19770H0552B2328 - 21 -
1 WALL CONSTRUCTION-MASS PER UNIT AREA TDEQ
2 16/FT2 KG/M2 F C
3 0-25 0-125 44 24.5
4 26-40 126-195 37 21.0
5 41-70 196-345 30 17.0
6 71 AND ABOVE 346 AND ABOVE 23 13.0
7 WEIGHT OF WALL CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE DETERMINED FROM THE
8 1972 ASHRAE HANDBOOK OF FUNDAMENTALS, CHAPTER 22.
9 SC = SHADING COEFFICIENT OF THE FENESTRATION
10 DELTA T = TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR
11 DESIGN CONDITIONS, F, FOR WHICH THE FOLLOWING
12 TEMPERATURES SHALL APPLY:
13 INDOOR OUTDOOR
14 F OC
15 WINTER 72 22.0 97 1/2%
16 SUMMER 78 25.5 2 1/2%
17 SF = SOLAR FACTOR VALUE GIVEN BTU/H.FT2 (W/M2).
18 (USE 127 BTU/H.FT2)
19 AO = GROSS AREA OF EXTERIOR WALLS, FT2 (M2). THE GROSS
20 AREA OF EXTERIOR WALLS CONSISTS OF ALL OPAQUE WALL
21 AREAS (INCLUDING FOUNDATION WALLS, BETWEEN FLOOR SPAN-
22 DRELS, PERIPHERAL EDGES OF FLOORS, ETC.), WINDOW
23 AREAS (INCLUDING SASH), AND DOOR AREAS, WHERE SUCH
24 SURFACES ARE EXPOSED TO OUTDOOR AIR AND ENCLOSE A
25 HEATED AND/OR MECHANICALLY COOLED SPACE (INCLUDING
26 INTERSTICIAL AREAS BETWEEN TWO SUCH SPACES).
27 NOTE: WHERE MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF WALL AND/OR FENESTRATION
28 IS USED, THE RESPECTIVE TERM OR TERMS SHALL BE EXPANDED
29 INTO SUB-ELEMENTS, AS:
30 (UW X AW X TDEQ) + (UW2 X AW2 X TDEQ2), ETC.
19770H0552B2328 - 22 -
1 (g) Cooling criteria for roof/ceilings.--All buildings and
2 structures that are mechanically cooled shall have a combined
3 thermal transmittance value (Uo) for roof/ceiling assemblies the
4 same as specified in Table 7 4 for heating. <--
5 Section 208. Air leakage.
6 (a) Application.--The requirements of this section shall
7 apply to all buildings and structures and apply only to those
8 locations separating outdoor ambient conditions from interior
9 spaces that are heated or mechanically cooled and are not
10 applicable to separation of interior spaces from each other.
11 (b) Standard.--Compliance with the criteria for air leakage
12 shall be determined by ASTM E-283, Standards Method Test for
13 Rate of Air Leakage through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and
14 Doors, at a pressure differential of 1.567 lb/ft2 which is
15 equivalent to the effect of a 25 m.p.h. wind.
16 (c) Acceptance criteria.--The following criteria shall
17 represent the maximum allowable air leakage:
18 (1) The air infiltration rate for windows shall not
19 exceed 0.5 cfm per foot of sash crack.
20 (2) The air infiltration rate for sliding glass doors in
21 residential buildings shall not exceed 0.5 cfm per square
22 foot of door area.
23 (3) The air infiltration rate for swinging doors in
24 residential buildings shall not exceed 1.25 cfm per square
25 foot of door area.
26 (4) The air infiltration rate for swinging, revolving or
27 sliding doors in other than residential buildings shall not
28 exceed 11 cfm per lineal foot of door crack.
29 (d) Caulking and sealants.--Exterior joints around windows
30 and door frames, between wall cavities and window or door
19770H0552B2328 - 23 -
1 frames, between wall and foundation, between wall and roof,
2 between wall panels, at penetrations or utility services through
3 walls, floors and roofs, and all other openings in the exterior
4 envelope shall be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped, or
5 otherwise sealed.
6 SUBCHAPTER D
7 WARM AIR HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
8 SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
9 Section 209. General provisions.
10 This subchapter applies to air duct systems employing
11 mechanical means for the movement of air used for warm air
12 heating, ventilating, air conditioning systems, exhaust systems
13 and combination heating and air conditioning systems, except
14 that this subchapter shall not apply to systems for the removal
15 of flammable vapors or residues or to systems for conveying
16 dust, stock or refuse by means of air currents. Heating,
17 ventilating and air conditioning systems of all buildings and
18 structures or portions thereof shall be designed and installed
19 for efficient use of energy as herein provided. For special
20 applications such as hospitals, laboratories, thermally
21 sensitive equipment, computer rooms, and manufacturing
22 processes, the design concepts and parameters shall conform to
23 the requirements of the application at minimum energy levels.
24 Section 210. Design requirements.
25 In determining design conditions for calculations under this
26 section the following design temperatures shall apply:
27 (1) Outdoor design temperature shall be selected for
28 listed locations in Chapter 33 of the ASHRAE handbook of
29 Fundamentals, from columns of 97 1/2% values for heating and
30 2 1/2% values for cooling.
19770H0552B2328 - 24 -
1 (2) Indoor design temperature shall be 70 degrees F. for
2 heating and 78 degrees F. for cooling.
3 (3) Indoor design relative humidity for heating shall
4 not exceed 30%. For cooling the actual design relative
5 humidity within the comfort envelope as defined in ASHRAE
6 Standard 55-74 "Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human
7 Occupancy" shall be selected for the minimum total heating,
8 ventilating, and air conditioning system energy use.
9 Section 211. Cooling with outdoor air.
10 (a) Fan system design.--Each fan system shall be designed to
11 use up to and including 100% of the fan system capacity for
12 cooling with outdoor air automatically whenever its use will
13 result in lower usage of energy than would be required under its
14 normal operation.
15 (b) Exceptions.--Cooling with outdoor air is not required
16 under any one or more of the following conditions:
17 (1) Fan system capacity less than 5,000 Cfm or 134,000
18 Btu/Hr total cooling capacity.
19 (2) The quality of the outdoor air is so poor as to
20 require extensive treatment of the air.
21 (3) The need for humidification or dehumidification
22 requires the use of more energy than is conserved by outdoor
23 air cooling.
24 (4) The use of outdoor air cooling may affect the
25 operation of other systems (such as return or exhaust air
26 fans or supermarket refrigeration) so as to increase the
27 overall energy consumption of the building.
28 (5) Internal/external zone heat recovery or other energy
29 recovery is used.
30 (6) Annual heating degree days are less than 2,500. <--
19770H0552B2328 - 25 -
1 (7) (6) When all space cooling is accomplished by a
2 circulating liquid which transfers space heat directly or
3 indirectly to a heat rejection devise such as a cooling tower
4 without the use of a refrigeration system.
5 Section 212. Mechanical ventilation.
6 Each mechanical ventilation system shall be equipped with a
7 readily accessible means for either shut-off or volume reduction
8 and shut-off when ventilation is not required.
9 Section 213. Simultaneous heating and cooling.
10 Systems that employ both heating and cooling simultaneously
11 in order to achieve comfort conditions within a space shall be
12 limited to those situations where more efficient methods of
13 heating and air conditioning cannot be effectively utilized to
14 meet system objectives. Simultaneous heating and cooling by
15 reheating or recooling supply air or by concurrent operation or
16 independent heating and cooling systems serving a common zone
17 shall be restricted as follows:
18 (1) Recovered energy, provided the new energy expended
19 in the recovery process is less than the amount recovered,
20 may be used for control of temperature and humidity. New
21 energy is defined as energy, other than recovered, utilized
22 for the purpose of heating or cooling.
23 (2) New energy may be used, when necessary, to prevent
24 relative humidity from rising above 60% for comfort control
25 or to prevent condensation on terminal units or outlets.
26 (3) New energy may be used for control of temperature if
27 minimized as specified in sections 214 through 218.
28 Section 214. Reheat systems.
29 Systems employing reheat and serving multiple zones, other
30 than those employing variable air volume for temperature
19770H0552B2328 - 26 -
1 control, shall be provided with control that will automatically
2 reset the system cold air supply to the highest temperature
3 level that will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air.
4 Single zone reheat systems shall be controlled to sequence
5 reheat and cooling.
6 Section 215. Dual duct and multizone systems.
7 These systems shall be provided with control that will
8 automatically reset the cold deck air supply to the highest
9 temperature that will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air
10 and the hot deck air supply to the lowest temperature that will
11 satisfy the zone requiring the warmest air.
12 Section 216. Recooling systems.
13 Systems in which heated air is recooled directly or
14 indirectly, to maintain space temperature, shall be provided
15 with control that will automatically reset the temperature to
16 which the supply air is heated to the lowest level that will
17 satisfy the zone requiring the warmest air.
18 Section 217. Multiple zones.
19 For systems with multiple zones, one or more zones may be
20 chosen to represent a number of zones with similar heating or
21 cooling characteristics. A multiple zone heating, ventilating
22 and air conditioning system that employs reheating or recooling
23 for control of not more than 5,000 Cfm or 20% of the total
24 supply air of the system, whichever is less, shall be exempt
25 from the supply air temperature reset requirements of sections
26 214 through 216.
27 Section 218. Concurrent operation.
28 Concurrent operation of independent heating and cooling
29 systems serving common spaces, and requiring the use of new
30 energy for heating or cooling shall be minimized by one or both
19770H0552B2328 - 27 -
1 of the following:
2 (1) By providing sequential temperature control of both
3 heating and cooling capacity in each zone.
4 (2) By limiting the heating energy input, through
5 automatic reset control of the heating medium temperature (or
6 energy input rate), to only that necessary to offset heat
7 loss due to transmission and infiltration and, where
8 applicable, to heat the ventilation air supply to the space.
9 Section 219. Equipment performance requirements.
10 (a) Application.--The requirements of this section apply to
11 equipment and component performance for heating, ventilating and
12 air conditioning systems. Where equipment efficiency levels are
13 specified, data furnished by the equipment supplier or certified
14 under a nationally recognized certification program or rating
15 procedure shall be used to satisfy these requirements.
16 (b) Electric system equipment.--Heating ventilating and air
17 conditioning systems equipment whose energy input in the cooling
18 mode is entirely electric shall slow SHOW a coefficient of <--
19 performance (COP) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) not less
20 than the values specified in Table 11 6. These requirements <--
21 apply to, but are not limited to, unitary cooling equipment (air
22 and water source); packaged air conditioners; and room air
23 conditioners. These requirements do not apply to equipment used
24 in areas having open refrigerated food display cases. For
25 determining coefficient of performance (COP), the rate of net
26 heat removal shall be defined as the change in the total heat
27 contents of the air entering and leaving the equipment (without
28 reheat). Total energy input shall be determined by combining the
29 energy inputs to all elements of the equipment, including but
30 not limited to, compressors, pumps, supply-air fans, cooling
19770H0552B2328 - 28 -
1 tower fans and the system equipment control circuit.
2 Table 11 6 <--
3 Minimum EER and COP for Electric Heating, Ventilating
4 and Air Conditioning System Equipment
5 Standard rating capacity Eer Cop
6 Under 65,000 Btu/hr (19,050 watts) 6.1 1.8
7 65,000 Btu/hr (19,050 watts) and over 6.8 2.0
8 (c) Other system equipment.--Heat operated cooling equipment
9 shall show a coefficient of performance (COP) in the cooling
10 mode not less than the values specified in Table 12 7. These <--
11 requirements apply to, but are not limited to, absorption,
12 engine-driven and turbine-driven equipment. The coefficient of
13 performance (COP) is determined excluding the electrical
14 auxiliary inputs.
15 Table 12 7 <--
16 Minimum COP for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
17 System Heat Operated Cooling Equipment
18 Heat source Minimum cop
19 Direct fired (gas, oil) 0.40
20 Indirect fired (steam, hot water) 0.65
21 (d) System components.--Heating, ventilating and air
22 conditioning system components whose energy input in the cooling
23 mode is entirely electric shall show a coefficient of
24 performance (COP) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) not less
25 than the values specified in Table 13 8. For determining <--
26 coefficient of performance (COP), the rate of heat removal is
27 defined as the difference in total heat contents of the water or
28 refrigerant entering or leaving the component. Total energy
29 input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all
30 elements and accessories of the component, including but not
19770H0552B2328 - 29 -
1 limited to, compressors, internal circulating pumps, condenser-
2 air fans, evaporative-condenser cooling heater pumps, purge, and
3 the component control circuit.
4 Table 13 8 <--
5 Minimum COP for Electrically Driven Heating, Ventilating
6 and Air Conditioning System Components
7 Component Air Water Evaporation
8 Condensing means Eer Cop Eer Cop Eer Cop
9 Self-contained Centrifugal 7.5 2.2 12.9 3.8
10 water chillers
11 Positive
12 displacement 7.2 2.1 10.9 3.2
13 Condenserless Positive
14 water chillers displacement 8.9 2.6 10.9 3.2
15 Compressor and
16 condenser units Positive
17 65,000 Btu/hr. displacement 7.8 2.3 11.3 3.3 11.3 3.3
18 (19.050 watts) <--
19 (19,050 WATTS) <--
20 and over
21 (e) Heat pumps.--Heat pumps whose energy input is entirely
22 electric shall show a coefficient of performance (COP), heating,
23 not less than the values specified in Table 14 9. <--
24 Table 14 9 <--
25 Minimum COP for Heat Pumps, Heating Mode
26 Source and outdoor temperature (degree F.) Minimum cop
27 Air source--47 DB/43 WB 2.2
28 Air source--17 DB/15 WB 1.2
29 Water source--60 entering 2.2
30 (f) Supplementary heater.--The heat pump shall be installed
19770H0552B2328 - 30 -
1 with a control to prevent supplementary heater operation when
2 the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone.
3 Supplementary heater operation is permitted during transient
4 periods, such as start-ups, following room thermostat setpoint
5 advance, and during defrost. A two-stage room thermostat, which
6 controls the supplementary heat on its second stage, shall be
7 accepted as meeting this requirement. The cut-on temperature for
8 the compression heating shall be higher than the cut-on
9 temperature for the supplementary heat, and the cut-off
10 temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than the
11 cut-off temperature for the supplementary heat. Supplementary
12 heat may be derived from any source of electric resistance
13 heating or combustion heating.
14 (g) Combustion heating equipment.--All gas and oilfired
15 comfort heating equipment shall show a minimum combustion
16 efficiency of 75% at maximum rated output. Combustion efficiency
17 shall be determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 90.
18 Section 220. Duct insulation.
19 (a) Insulation.--All duct systems, or portions thereof,
20 exposed to nonconditioned spaces shall be insulated to provide a
21 thermal resistance, excluding film resistance, of
22 ti - to
23 R = --------(hr) (sq.ft) (F)/BTU
24 15
25 where ti-to is the design temperature differential (absolute
26 value) between the air in the duct and the surrounding air with
27 certain exceptions, duct THE FOLLOWING EXCEPTIONS. DUCT <--
28 insulation, except when needed to prevent condensation, is not
29 required in any of the following cases:
30 (1) Where ti-to is 25 degrees F. or less.
19770H0552B2328 - 31 -
1 (2) When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without
2 insulation, will not increase the energy requirements of the
3 building.
4 (3) Exhaust air ducts.
5 (4) Supply or return air ducts installed in crawl spaces
6 with insulated walls, basements or cellars in one and two-
7 family dwellings.
8 (b) Vapor barriers.--Where required to prevent condensation,
9 insulation with vapor barriers shall be installed in addition to
10 insulation required above.
11 Section 221. System controls.
12 (a) Application.--All heating, ventilating and air
13 conditioning systems shall be provided controls as specified
14 herein.
15 (b) Temperature.--Each heating, ventilating and air
16 conditioning system shall be provided with at least one
17 thermostat for the regulation of temperature. Each thermostat
18 shall be capable of being set from 55 degrees F. to 75 degrees
19 F. where used to control heating only and from 70 degrees F. to
20 85 degrees F. where used to control cooling only. Where used to
21 control both heating and cooling it shall be capable of being
22 set from 55 degrees F. to 85 degrees F. and shall be capable of
23 operating the system heating and cooling in sequence. It shall
24 be adjustable to provide a temperature range of up to 10 degrees
25 F. between full heating and full cooling, except as allowed in
26 section 218.
27 (c) Humidity.--If a heating, ventilating and air
28 conditioning system is equipped with a means for adding moisture
29 to maintain specific selected relative humidities in spaces or
30 zones, a humidistat shall be provided. This device shall be
19770H0552B2328 - 32 -
1 capable of being set to prevent new energy from being used to
2 produce space relative humidity above 30% R.H. Where a
3 humidistat is used in a heating, ventilating and air
4 conditioning system for controlling moisture removal to maintain
5 specific selected relative humidities in spaces or zones, it
6 shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy from being
7 used to produce a space relative humidity below 60%.
8 (d) Temperature zoning.--
9 (1) In all buildings and structures of use group R-3, at
10 least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature
11 shall be provided for each separate heating, ventilating and
12 air conditioning system. In addition, a readily accessible
13 manual or automatic means shall be provided to partially
14 restrict or shut-off the heating or cooling input to each
15 zone or floor, excluding unheated or uncooled basements and
16 garages.
17 (2) In all buildings and structures of use group R-2,
18 each individual dwelling unit shall be considered separately
19 and shall meet the requirements for one and two-family
20 dwellings above.
21 (3) In all buildings and structures other than use group
22 R-3 and in spaces other than dwelling units in use group R-2,
23 at least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature
24 shall be provided for each separate heating, ventilating and
25 air conditioning system and for each floor of the building.
26 (e) Set-back and shut-off.--
27 (1) In all buildings and structures, or portions thereof
28 of use group R-3, the thermostat, or an alternate means such
29 as a switch or a clock, shall provide a readily accessible,
30 manual or automatic means for reducing the energy required
19770H0552B2328 - 33 -
1 for heating and cooling during periods of nonuse or reduced
2 need.
3 (2) In all other buildings and structures, or portions
4 thereof each heating, ventilating and air conditioning system
5 shall be equipped with a readily accessible means of reducing
6 the energy used for heating, ventilating and air conditioning
7 during periods of nonuse or alternate uses of the building
8 spaces or zones served by the system, such as with manually
9 adjustable automatic timing devices, manual devices for use
10 by operating personnel, or automatic control systems.
11 (3) Lowering thermostat set points to reduce energy
12 consumption of heating systems shall not cause energy to be
13 expended to reach the reduced setting.
14 Section 222. Steam and hot water heating piping.
15 (a) Piping insulation.--All piping serving as part of a
16 heating or cooling system installed to serve buildings and
17 within buildings shall be thermally insulated as shown in Table
18 15 10. <--
19 Table 15 10 <--
20 Minimum Pipe Insulation
21 Insulation thickness in inches
22 Fluid for pipe sizes
23 Piping temperature
24 system range, Runouts 1" and 1 1/4- 2 1/2- 5& 8" and
25 types F. up to 2" less 2 4 6 larger
26 Heating systems
27 Steam &
28 hot water
29 High pressure/
30 temp 306-450 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 1/2 3 1/2
19770H0552B2328 - 34 -
1 Med. pressure/
2 temp 251-305 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3
3 Low pressure/
4 temp 201-250 1 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 2
5 Low tem-
6 perature 120-200 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 1 1/2
7 Steam con-
8 densate Any 1 1 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 2
9 (for feed
10 water)
11 Cooling systems
12 Chilled
13 water, 40-55 1/2 1/2 3/4 1 1 1
14 Refrigerant,
15 or brine Below 40 1 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2
16 Insulation thicknesses are based on insulation having thermal
17 resistances in the range of 4.0 to 4.6 per inch of thickness on
18 a flat surface at a mean temperature of 75 degrees F. Minimum
19 insulation thickness shall be increased for materials having R
20 values less than 4.0 or may be reduced for materials having R
21 values greater than 4.6 per inch of thickness as follows:
22 (b) High thermal resistance.--For materials with thermal
23 resistance greater than R=4.5, the minimum insulation thickness
24 may be reduced as follows:
25 4.6 x Table 15 10 Thickness = New Minimum Thickness <--
26 Actual R
27 (c) Low thermal resistance.--For materials with thermal
28 resistance less than R=4.0 the minimum insulation thickness
29 shall be increased as follows:
30 4.0 x Table 15 10 Thickness = New Minimum Thickness <--
19770H0552B2328 - 35 -
1 Actual R
2 Piping insulation, except when needed to prevent condensation,
3 is not required in any of the following cases:
4 (1) Piping installed within heating, ventilating and air
5 conditioning equipment.
6 (2) Piping at temperatures between 55 degrees F. and 120
7 degrees F.
8 (3) When the heat loss or heat gain of the piping,
9 without insulation, does not increase the energy requirements
10 of the building.
11 (4) Piping installed in basements or cellars in one and
12 two-family dwellings.
13 (d) Vapor barriers.--Where required to prevent condensation,
14 insulation with vapor barriers shall be installed in addition to
15 insulation required above.
16 SUBCHAPTER E
17 PLUMBING SYSTEMS
18 Section 223. Purpose.
19 This subchapter sets forth provisions for design and
20 equipment selection for energy conservation in service water
21 heating systems.
22 Section 224. Fixtures.
23 (a) Lavatories.--Lavatories in restrooms of public
24 facilities shall be equipped with self-closing outlet devices
25 which limit the flow of hot water to a maximum of 0.5 Gpm,
26 devices which limit the outlet temperature to a maximum of 110
27 degrees F. and selfclosing valves which limit the quantity of
28 hot water to a maximum of 0.25 gallons.
29 (b) Showers.--Showers used for other than safety reasons
30 shall be equipped with flow control devices to limit total flow
19770H0552B2328 - 36 -
1 to a maximum of 3 Gpm per shower head.
2 Section 225. Insulation.
3 (a) Piping insulation.--Piping in required return
4 circulation systems shall be insulated so that heat loss is
5 limited to a maximum of 25 Btuh per square foot of external pipe
6 surface for above ground piping and a maximum of 35 Btuh per
7 square foot of external pipe surface for underground piping.
8 Maximum heat loss shall be determined at a temperature
9 differential equal to the maximum water temperature minus a
10 design ambient temperature no higher than 65 degrees F. except
11 that conformance with table 15 10 for "low temperature piping <--
12 system" shall be deemed as complying with this section.
13 (b) Tanks.--Unfired hot water storage tanks shall be
14 insulated so that heat loss is limited to a maximum of 15 Btuh
15 per square foot of external tank surface area. For purposes of
16 determining this heat loss, the design ambient temperature shall
17 be no higher than 65 degrees F.
18 Section 226. Equipment.
19 (a) Pump operation.--Circulating hot water systems shall be
20 arranged so that the circulating pump can be conveniently turned
21 off either automatically or manually when the hot water system
22 is not in operation.
23 (b) Electric water heaters.--All automatic electric storage
24 water heaters shall have a stand-by loss not exceeding 4 watts
25 per square foot of tank surface area. The method of test of
26 stand-by loss shall be as described in section 4.3.1 of ANSI
27 C72.1 Household Automatic Electrical Storage-Type Water Heaters.
28 (c) Gas and oil-fired water heaters.--All gas and oil-fired
29 automatic storage heaters shall have a recovery efficiency, ER,
30 not less than 75% and a stand-by loss percentage S, not
19770H0552B2328 - 37 -
1 exceeding S=2.3+67/V where V=rated volume in gallons. The method
2 of test of ER and S shall be as described in section 2.7 of ANSI
3 Z21.10.3 Circulating Tank, Instantaneous and Large Automatic
4 Storage Type Water Heaters, Approval Requirements for Gas Water
5 Heaters.
6 Section 227. Controls.
7 (a) Temperature controls.--All hot water supply systems
8 shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable of
9 adjustments from the lowest to the highest acceptable
10 temperature settings for the intended use.
11 (b) Shut down.--A separate switch shall be provided to
12 terminate the energy supplied to electric hot water supply
13 systems. A separate valve shall be provided to turn off the
14 energy supplied to the main burner of all other types of hot
15 water supply systems.
16 SUBCHAPTER F
17 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
18 Section 228. System requirements.
19 (a) Power factor.--The power factor of the overall
20 electrical distribution system in a building shall be not less
21 than 90% under rated design installed load of the building,
22 either by utilization equipment design or by the use of power
23 factor corrective devices. The power factor corrective devices
24 may be installed on individual equipment, rated greater than
25 1,000 watts and switched therewith, regionally grouped, located
26 at the service equipment or power factor correction achieved by
27 other equivalent means. The choice among these corrective
28 methods should be made based upon an engineering evaluation of
29 each distribution system.
30 (b) Service voltage.--Where a choice of service voltage is
19770H0552B2328 - 38 -
1 available, the voltage resulting in the least energy loss shall
2 be used.
3 (c) Voltage drop.--In any building, the maximum total
4 voltage drop shall not exceed 3% in branch circuits or feeders,
5 for a total of 5% to the farthest outlet based on steady state
6 design load conditions.
7 (d) Lighting switching.--Switching shall be provided for
8 each lighting circuit, or for portions of each circuit, so that
9 the partial lighting required for custodial or for effective
10 complementary use with natural lighting may be operated
11 selectively.
12 (e) Separate metering.--In all multi-family dwelling <--
13 DWELLINGS provisions shall be made to determine the electrical <--
14 energy consumed by each tenant.
15 SUBCHAPTER G
16 LIGHTING
17 Section 229. Light power budget.
18 A lighting power budget is the upper limit of the power to be
19 available to provide the lighting needs in accordance with a
20 given set of criteria and given calculation procedure.
21 Section 230. Calculation methods.
22 The criteria specified below shall be utilized for
23 computation of the lighting power budget. All calculations shall
24 be in accordance with accepted engineering practice. When
25 insufficient information is known about the specific use of the
26 building space (e.g., number of occupants, space function,
27 location of partitions), the budget shall be based on the
28 apparent intended use of the building space.
29 Section 231. Building interiors.
30 (a) Procedure.--The allowable electric power for lighting
19770H0552B2328 - 39 -
1 shall be established by using the criteria and the calculation
2 procedures specified in section 234. The value shall be based on
3 the use for which the space within the building is intended and
4 on efficient energy utilization.
5 (b) Illumination level criteria.--For the purpose of
6 establishing a budget, levels of illumination shall be those
7 listed in fig. 9-80 of the IES Lighting Handbook, and those
8 levels shall be used as follows:
9 (1) For task lighting, the levels of illumination listed
10 are for specific tasks. These levels are for the task areas
11 defined in the IES Lighting Handbook or, where not defined,
12 at all usable portions of task surfaces. In some cases, the
13 levels of illumination are listed for locations (e.g.,
14 auditoriums). These levels are to be considered as average
15 levels.
16 (2) For general lighting, in areas surrounding task
17 locations, the average level of general lighting, for budget
18 purposes only, shall be one-third the level for the tasks
19 performed in the area but in no case less than 20-foot
20 candles. Where more than one task level occurs in a space,
21 the general level shall be one-third the weighted average of
22 the specific task levels.
23 (3) For noncritical lighting, in circulation and seating
24 areas, where no specific visual task TASKS occur, the average <--
25 level of illumination shall be one-third of the average
26 general lighting in the adjacent task spaces but in no case
27 less than ten-foot candles.
28 (4) For the purpose of establishing a power budget, only
29 lamp efficacies and coefficients of utilization (CU)
30 specified in Table 16 11, shall be assumed. <--
19770H0552B2328 - 40 -
1 Section 232. Building exteriors.
2 (a) Basis on use.--In exterior spaces, the lighting power
3 budget shall be based on the use of which the space is intended
4 (for task performance, safety, or security) and on efficient
5 energy utilization.
6 (b) Criteria.--The same criteria as those for interior
7 spaces apply for illumination levels and lighting systems with
8 the addition of luminaires for flood lighting. For power budget
9 purposes floodlighting shall be selected with luminaires having
10 a greater percentage of their beam lumens restricted to the area
11 to be lighted. Such luminaires are defined as those with at
12 least the minimum efficiencies listed in the IES Lighting
13 Handbook.
14 (c) Facade lighting.--Facade lighting for budget purposes
15 shall be no greater than 2% of the total interior load of the
16 building.
17 (d) Calculation procedure.--In establishing a lighting power
18 budget the following procedures shall be used:
19 (1) For overhead lighting the procedure specified in
20 section 234 shall be followed, but using reflectances as
21 found.
22 (2) For flood lighting the beam lumen method, as shows
23 in the IES Lighting Handbook and a coefficient of beam
24 utilization (CBU) of 0.75 shall be used for floodlighting
25 calculations.
26 Section 233. Exceptions to criteria.
27 (a) Interiors.--The criteria of section 231 shall not apply
28 to the following areas when calculating the load.
29 (1) Portions of residential occupancies except for
30 kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry areas and public spaces
19770H0552B2328 - 41 -
1 including lobbies, halls, stairways, basement areas, and
2 utility rooms.
3 (2) Residential type spaces similar to those stated in
4 paragraph (1) in institutions, such as hospitals, hotels,
5 funeral homes, churches, museums, etc.
6 (3) Theater auditoriums, entertainment and audiovisual
7 presentations where the lighting is an essential technical
8 element for the function performed.
9 (b) Exteriors.--The criteria of section 232 shall not apply
10 to the following lamps and luminaries; however, their use shall
11 be accounted for in the calculation of task lighting loads for
12 specific tasks. The allowable load shall be based on the
13 luminary wattage to achieve the levels of illumination as
14 covered in section 231 using a point calculation method given in
15 the IES Lighting Handbook. The excepted lamps and luminaries are
16 as follows:
17 (1) Luminaries for medical and dental purposes.
18 (2) Luminaries for highlighting applications, such as
19 sculpture exhibits, art exhibits, and individual items of
20 display merchandise.
21 (3) Luminaries for specialized lighting applications
22 (color matching, where electrical interference cannot be
23 tolerated, etc.).
24 (c) Control of reflectances.--The criteria of Table 16 11 <--
25 shall not apply in spaces where it is impractical to control
26 reflectances and where a dirty atmosphere cannot be avoided.
27 Where this condition exists, the values for reflectances and
28 light loss factors shall be those expected to be found and shall
29 be approved by the department. The calculation shall make a note
30 of this deviation.
19770H0552B2328 - 42 -
1 Section 234. Calculation procedure.
2 (a) Illumination levels and areas.--To establish
3 illumination levels and areas, the following procedure shall be
4 used:
5 (1) Determine the visual tasks that are expected to be
6 performed in each space and the number of planned work
7 locations where tasks will be performed. If assumptions are
8 made, their bases shall be indicated.
9 (2) Select the illumination level, in foot-candles for
10 those expected tasks in accordance with section 231(b)(1).
11 (3) Calculate total task areas to be illuminated to the
12 same level by multiplying the number of work locations by 50
13 square feet per work location. (Total task areas shall not
14 exceed actual total space area). If actual task area is
15 greater than 50 square feet the actual area shall be used. If
16 special task lighting or localized lighting is to be
17 employed, use the actual task areas and point calculation
18 procedures.
19 (4) Calculate the level of general lighting by
20 multiplying the task lighting level by one-third, where there
21 is only one task level, or by taking one-third of the sum of
22 the products of the task levels as provided for in paragraph
23 (2) and their areas as provided for in paragraph (3) divided
24 by the total task areas.
25 (5) Calculate the level of noncritical lighting.
26 (b) Lighting system data.--To establish lighting system
27 data, the following shall be used:
28 (1) Light source and luminaire types to use.
29 (2) Lamp lumens per watt and luminaire coefficients of
30 utilization for room and luminaire mounting height
19770H0552B2328 - 43 -
1 dimensions. Luminaire CUs shall be selected from the IES
2 Lighting Handbook. In all cases, no luminaire shall have a CU
3 for RCR = 1 of less than that given in Table 16 11 lamp <--
4 efficacies for the appropriate space.
5 (c) Allowable wattage.--To establish allowable wattage, the
6 following shall be used:
7 (1) Using data from subsection (b), the illumination
8 levels and areas determined in subsection (a), and the
9 criteria of Table 16 11 on Reflectance, calculate the <--
10 allowable wattages using the lumen method.
11 (2) Calculate the total space wattage by adding the
12 task, general and noncritical lighting loads.
13 (3) Add the wattage of luminaries allowed in section
14 233(b).
15 Table 16 11 <--
16 (a) Lamp efficacies.--The following are initial lumen output
17 per watt input, including ballast losses:
18 Application Lumens
19 per Watt
20 Where moderate color rendition is appropriate 55
21 Where good color rendition is appropriate 40
22 Where high color rendition is appropriate,
23 spaces are less than 50 square feet or where
24 use of low wattage High Intensity Discharge
25 (HID) lamps under 250 W or fluorescent
26 lamps under 40 W is appropriate 25
27 (b) Luminary coefficients of utilization (CU).--Coefficients
28 of utilization (CUs) are to be for luminaries for use in the
29 types of spaces listed below, and those luminaries shall have a
30 CU of no less than that listed below (for each type space) for a
19770H0552B2328 - 44 -
1 Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) of 1 and reflectances as in (c).
2 Space Use Minimum CU
3 (at RCR - 1) <--
4 (AT RCR = 1) <--
5 For spaces with tasks subjected to veiling
6 reflections where design levels of
7 illumination are listed in terms of
8 equivalents EQUIVALENT sphere illumination (ESI) and <--
9 where visual comfort is important. 0.55
10 For spaces without tasks, or with tasks
11 not subjected to veiling reflections, but
12 where visual comfort is important. 0.63
13 For spaces without tasks and where visual
14 comfort is not a criterion 0.70
15 (c) Other criteria; reflectances.--For interior spaces, the
16 following initial cavity and surface reflectances shall be
17 assumed:
18 Ceiling cavity reflectance 80%
19 Wall reflectance 50%
20 Floor cavity reflectance 20%
21 Light Loss Factor. A light loss factor (LLF) of 0.70 shall be
22 used.
23 SUBCHAPTER H
24 ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS
25 Section 235. Performance alternative.
26 Alternative building systems and equipment design may be
27 approved by the department when they can be shown to have energy
28 consumption not greater than that of a similar building with
29 similar forms of energy requirements, designed in accordance
30 with the provisions of this act OR WHEN THEY CAN BE SHOWN TO <--
19770H0552B2328 - 45 -
1 HAVE ENERGY CONSUMPTION NOT GREATER THAN THAT WHICH SHALL BE
2 ESTABLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE BUILDING
3 ENERGY CONSERVATION COMMITTEE, FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION.
4 Section 236. Nondepletable sources.
5 When such alternative systems utilize solar, geothermal, wind
6 or other nondepletable energy sources for all or part of its
7 energy sources, such nondepletable energy supplied to the
8 building shall be excluded from the total energy chargeable to
9 the proposed alternative design.
10 Section 237. Documentation.
11 Proposed alternative designs, submitted as requests for
12 exception to the standard design criteria, must be accompanied
13 by an energy analysis prepared in accordance with the ASHRAE
14 Standard 90 90-75. <--
15 CHAPTER 3
16 APPLICATION OF STANDARDS: ESTABLISHMENT
17 OF COMMITTEE AND PENALTIES
18 Section 301. Modification of standards; criteria.
19 The department, with the approval of the Building Energy
20 Conservation Committee, established pursuant to section 304,
21 after one or more public hearings, may recommend to the General
22 Assembly modifications to the energy conservation standards
23 CONTAINED IN CHAPTER 2 HEREOF. Any recommended modification to <--
24 the energy conservation standards shall meet the following
25 criteria:
26 (1) It shall be consistent with the latest and most
27 effective technology.
28 (2) It shall not be in conflict with existing safeguards
29 for public health and safety.
30 (3) It shall be economically feasible as determined by
19770H0552B2328 - 46 -
1 life-cycle-cost procedures.
2 (4) It shall be sufficiently stringent to effect a
3 significant savings of energy resources.
4 (5) It shall be a performance standard for the design of
5 buildings and systems within buildings to assure maximum
6 practical conservation of energy.
7 (6) Consideration shall be given to building and energy
8 standards promulgated by National and other state
9 governmental agencies, private organizations and any other
10 available energy data, as well as the total energy allocation
11 approach.
12 Section 302. Application of energy conservation standards.
13 The energy conservation standards contained herein OR AS <--
14 PROMULGATED BY THE DEPARTMENT WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE BUILDING
15 ENERGY CONSERVATION COMMITTEE shall apply to new buildings or to
16 renovations on which actual construction and/or design has not
17 commenced prior to their effective date DATES. <--
18 Section 303. Energy conservation manual for buildings.
19 (a) Production of manual.--Concurrent with the adoption of
20 the energy conservation code CODES required by this act, the <--
21 department shall produce an energy conservation manual for use
22 by designers, builders, and contractors of residential and
23 nonresidential buildings. This manual shall contain the
24 established standards and accepted practices. The manual shall
25 be furnished upon request to members of the public at a price
26 sufficient to cover the cost of printing.
27 (b) Review of manual.--The manual shall be reviewed by the
28 department and the Building Energy Conservation Committee at
29 least annually and shall be updated as significant new energy
30 conservation information becomes available.
19770H0552B2328 - 47 -
1 Section 304. Building Energy Conservation Committee.
2 (a) Composition of committee.--In order to further the
3 coordinated and effective administration of this act, there is
4 hereby established a Building Energy Conservation Committee. It
5 shall consist of at least 15 25 members and no more than 25 35 <--
6 members, the membership of which shall be appointed by the
7 Secretary of Labor and Industry GOVERNOR and shall include a <--
8 representative of each of the following entities or their
9 successors:
10 (1) Department of Education.
11 (2) Governor's Energy Council.
12 (3) Department of General Services.
13 (4) Department of Labor and Industry.
14 (5) Department of Community Affairs.
15 (6) Pennsylvania Builders Association.
16 (7) Pennsylvania Associated Builders and Contractors,
17 Inc.
18 (8) Pennsylvania Building Officials Conference.
19 (9) Mechanical Contractors Association of America.
20 (10) Pennsylvania Chamber of Commerce.
21 (11) General Contractors Association of Pennsylvania.
22 (12) Pennsylvania Society of Architects.
23 (13) Pennsylvania Society of Professional Engineers.
24 (14) AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR <--
25 CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC..
26 (15) PENNSYLVANIA GAS ASSOCIATION.
27 (16) PENNSYLVANIA ELECTRIC ASSOCIATION.
28 (17) INDUSTRIALIZED HOUSING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION.
29 (18) THERMAL INSULATION MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION.
30 (14) (19) Representatives of such other agencies and <--
19770H0552B2328 - 48 -
1 organizations or individuals as the secretary GOVERNOR may <--
2 find are necessary and proper to carry out the purposes of
3 the committee including, but not limited to, labor
4 organizations, financial and lending institutions, and
5 organizations directly involved in the supply of energy <--
6 throughout the Commonwealth. CONSUMER GROUPS. <--
7 (b) Powers and duties.--In addition to the powers and duties
8 enumerated in this act, the Building Energy Conservation
9 Committee shall perform the following duties: <--
10 (1) The committee shall be responsible for the regular
11 exchange of information and plans regarding building energy
12 conservation, for the development, and review REVIEW AND <--
13 APPROVAL of proposed and existing standards, guidelines,
14 regulations, and manuals. and shall make recommendations to <--
15 the Industrial Board of the Department of Labor and Industry
16 consistent with the provisions of this act.
17 (2) Said committee shall act as an advisory committee to
18 the Industrial Board of the Department of Labor and Industry
19 and the Advisory Board in the Department of Labor and
20 Industry in matters of building energy conservation and may
21 recommend to the Industrial Board variances from standards,
22 guidelines, regulations and manuals after consultation within
23 the committee or with any person affected by such standards,
24 guidelines, regulations or manuals.
25 (c) Expenses.--The members of the committee shall not
26 receive any compensation for their services but shall be
27 reimbursed for their actual and necessary expenses incurred in
28 the performance of their duties. Provided, however, when acting
29 as an advisory committee to the Industrial Board or the Advisory <--
30 Board on matters concerning variances which have been referred <--
19770H0552B2328 - 49 -
1 to the Industrial Board, they shall receive $50 per day plus
2 their actual and necessary expenses.
3 Section 305. Certification.
4 (a) Compliance with act.--It shall be the duty of the
5 architect retained in connection with the DESIGN, construction <--
6 or renovation of a building to certify the drawings,
7 specifications and other data showing compliance with the
8 provisions of this act.
9 (b) Inspection.--Each architect, or his OTHER LICENSED <--
10 DESIGN PROFESSIONAL RETAINED BY THE OWNER IN LIEU OF AN
11 ARCHITECT, OR THE ARCHITECT'S designee shall make periodic
12 inspections of the building progression to insure compliance
13 with this act.
14 (c) Final certification.--Each architect OR OTHER LICENSED <--
15 DESIGN PROFESSIONAL RETAINED BY THE OWNER IN LIEU OF AN
16 ARCHITECT shall make a final certification of every completed
17 building showing compliance with the provisions of this act.
18 (d) Certification by builder; bonds.--If an architect OR <--
19 OTHER LICENSED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL is not retained in connection
20 with the DESIGN, construction or renovation of a building, it <--
21 shall be the responsibility of the builder to perform the
22 inspections and certification required by this section. and to <--
23 file with the department an indemnity bond in such amount as the
24 department shall require indemnifying the owner for any costs
25 said owner may incur in bringing the building into compliance
26 with this act, should the department find it to be in
27 noncompliance. Said indemnity bond shall remain in full force
28 and effect for a period of two years from the date of completion
29 of the construction or renovation of the building.
30 Section 306. Variances.
19770H0552B2328 - 50 -
1 (a) Requests.--Any request for a variance from the energy
2 conservation standards contained herein shall be made to the
3 Industrial Board of the Department of Labor and Industry. <--
4 BUILDING ENERGY CONSERVATION COMMITTEE. <--
5 (b) Criteria.--A variance shall be granted only if it is
6 found that:
7 (1) compliance with the provisions of this act would
8 result in extreme hardship to the owner; and
9 (2) the granting of such variance would not result in a
10 significant increase in the energy usage of the building.
11 Section 307. Building permits.
12 Any building permit issued by the Commonwealth or any of its
13 political subdivisions shall have printed upon its face notice
14 that the provisions of this act must be complied with.
15 Section 308. Permits for use or occupancy.
16 Before any building or structure hereafter constructed or
17 renovated shall be used or opened for occupancy, the owner
18 thereof shall notify the department of Labor and Industry of the <--
19 completion of the building and submit the necessary
20 certification therewith. WITHIN 30 DAYS OF RECEIPT OF THE <--
21 CERTIFICATION THE DEPARTMENT SHALL FORWARD NOTICE OF RECEIPT OF
22 SUCH CERTIFICATION TO THE OWNER. No permit for use or occupancy
23 shall be granted until such submission has been made. No
24 building official of the Commonwealth or any of its political
25 subdivisions shall issue a permit until he has received proof of
26 compliance.
27 Section 309. Failure to submit certification.
28 Whenever the owner of any building or structure shall fail to
29 notify the department of the completion of the building and to
30 submit the necessary certification and shall nevertheless
19770H0552B2328 - 51 -
1 proceed with the use or occupancy of the building, the
2 department or the political subdivision shall serve notice on
3 the said owner to immediately cease using or occupying said <--
4 building and a notice shall be placed on the premises
5 prohibiting such use or occupancy until such certification has
6 been submitted. THAT HE IS IN VIOLATION OF THIS ACT AND ORDER <--
7 HIM TO COMPLY THEREWITH.
8 Section 310. Inspections.
9 The department may inspect within two years of the date of
10 completion of construction or renovation any building
11 constructed or renovated after the effective date of this act to
12 determine compliance with the provisions of this act.
13 Section 311. Failure to comply with provisions of this act. <--
14 Whenever the owner of any building, as described in this act,
15 shall fail to comply with the provisions of this act, or the
16 rules and regulations of the department formulated under the
17 authority of this act, and upon whom a written order shall be
18 served by the department to comply with the said provisions of
19 this act and the rules and regulations of the department and who
20 nevertheless shall have failed to comply with the said written
21 order within the time specified in the same, the department
22 shall be authorized to immediately order the building or
23 structure to be vacated or placed out of service until such time
24 as the requirements of this act and the rules and regulations of
25 the department shall have been fully complied with.
26 Section 312 311. Appeals. <--
27 Review of any decisions rendered under the provisions of this
28 act shall be brought in the court of common pleas of the county
29 wherein the building is situated. Such review shall be limited
30 to determining whether any such decision was arbitrary and
19770H0552B2328 - 52 -
1 capricious.
2 Section 313 312. Penalties. <--
3 (a) Violations of act.--Any person who shall violate any of
4 the provisions of this act, or the rules and regulations or the
5 orders for the enforcement of the said provisions or rules and
6 regulations issued by duly authorized officers of the department
7 or who shall hinder, delay or interfere with any officer charged
8 with the enforcement of this act in the performance of his duty,
9 shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of NOT <--
10 MORE THAN $300 and costs, or not more than three months
11 imprisonment in the county jail, or either, or both, in the
12 discretion of the court. IN THE EVENT OF VIOLATION OF MORE THAN <--
13 ONE PROVISION OF THIS ACT, THE VIOLATION OF EACH PROVISION SHALL
14 BE DEEMED A SEPARATE AND DISTINCT OFFENSE FOR THE PURPOSES OF
15 THIS SECTION.
16 (b) Refusal to vacate.--Any person who shall fail or refuse <--
17 to vacate a building or portion of a building, or who shall fail
18 to vacate or place out of service any building, after due notice
19 having been served upon him by an officer of the department and
20 proper notice having been placed upon the building or structure
21 by such officer, shall be liable for a penalty of $100 a day for
22 each day he shall have so failed or refused to vacate, or place
23 out of service the building, portion of building upon which such
24 notice has been placed, the said penalty to be collectible in
25 the same manner as any fine payable to the Commonwealth.
26 (c) (B) Institution of proceedings.--Prosecutions for <--
27 violations of this act, or the rules and regulations of the
28 department may be instituted by the Secretary of Labor and
29 Industry OR THE SECRETARY OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS, or under his <--
30 directions by an authorized representative of the department.
19770H0552B2328 - 53 -
1 Upon conviction after a hearing the sentences provided in this
2 act shall be imposed, and shall be final unless an appeal be
3 taken in the manner prescribed by law.
4 (d) (C) Disposition of fines.--All fines collected under <--
5 this act shall be forwarded to the department who shall pay the
6 same into the State Treasury for the use of the Commonwealth.
7 (e) (D) False certification.--Any architect OR OTHER <--
8 LICENSED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL who willfully provides a false
9 certification for any building subject to the provisions of this
10 act shall be subject to the suspension or revocation of his
11 license by the State Board of Examiners of Architects OR OTHER <--
12 APPLICABLE STATE LICENSING BOARD.
13 Section 314 313. Enforcement. <--
14 (a) Applicability.--The provisions of this act shall apply
15 to every building enumerated in this act, except buildings owned
16 by the Federal Government, including buildings owned in whole or
17 in part by the Commonwealth or any political subdivision
18 thereof, and shall be enforced by the Secretary of Labor and
19 Industry OR BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS, by and <--
20 through his authorized representatives.
21 (b) Powers of officers.--For the purpose of enforcing the
22 provisions of this act, all the officers charged with its
23 enforcement shall have the power to enter any of the buildings
24 enumerated in this act, and no person shall hinder or delay, or
25 interfere with any of the said officers in the performance of
26 his duty, nor refuse any pertinent information necessary to
27 determine whether the provisions of this act and the rules and
28 regulations herein provided for, are or will be complied with.
29 CHAPTER 4 <--
30 DEPARTMENT'S STANDARD
19770H0552B2328 - 54 -
1 SECTION 401. ADOPTION AND PROMULGATION OF STANDARDS.
2 THE DEPARTMENT, WITH THE APPROVAL OF THE BUILDING ENERGY
3 CONSERVATION COMMITTEE, SHALL, AFTER ONE OR MORE PUBLIC
4 HEARINGS, ADOPT AND PUBLISH ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS FOR
5 ALL BUILDINGS COVERED BY THIS ACT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE
6 PROVISIONS OF THE ACT OF JULY 31, 1968 (P.L.769, NO.240), KNOWN
7 AS THE "COMMONWEALTH DOCUMENTS LAW," THE PURPOSE OF SUCH
8 STANDARDS IS TO REDUCE WASTEFUL OR UNECONOMIC CONSUMPTION OF
9 ENERGY BY BALANCING THE COST OF ENERGY PROCUREMENT AGAINST THE
10 COST OF ENERGY-CONSERVING BUILDING PRACTICES. THE ENERGY
11 CONSERVATION STANDARDS SHALL MEET THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:
12 (1) THEY SHALL BE CONSISTENT WITH THE LATEST AND MOST
13 EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY.
14 (2) THEY SHALL NOT BE IN CONFLICT WITH EXISTING
15 SAFEGUARDS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY.
16 (3) THEY SHALL BE ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE AS DETERMINED BY
17 LIFE-CYCLE-COST PROCEDURES.
18 (4) THEY SHALL BE SUFFICIENTLY STRINGENT TO EFFECT A
19 SIGNIFICANT SAVINGS OF ENERGY RESOURCES.
20 (5) THEY SHALL BE A PERFORMANCE STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN
21 OF BUILDINGS AND SYSTEMS WITHIN BUILDINGS TO ASSURE MAXIMUM
22 PRACTICAL CONSERVATION OF ENERGY.
23 (6) CONSIDERATION SHALL BE GIVEN TO BUILDING AND ENERGY
24 STANDARDS PROMULGATED BY NATIONAL AND OTHER STATE
25 GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES, PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS AND ANY OTHER
26 AVAILABLE ENERGY DATA, AS WELL AS THE TOTAL ENERGY ALLOCATION
27 APPROACH.
28 Section 315 402. Effective date. <--
29 This act shall take effect as follows:
30 (1) Chapter 2 shall take effect in six months. <--
19770H0552B2328 - 55 -
1 (2) All other provisions of this act shall take effect
2 immediately.
3 (1) CHAPTER 2 SHALL TAKE EFFECT IN SIX MONTHS AND SHALL <--
4 REMAIN IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT FOR A PERIOD OF ONE YEAR
5 AFTER WHICH TIME THE PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER 2 SHALL HAVE NO
6 LEGAL EFFECT.
7 (2) SECTION 301 SHALL TAKE EFFECT IMMEDIATELY AND ITS
8 PROVISIONS SHALL REMAIN IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT FOR A PERIOD
9 OF 18 MONTHS AFTER WHICH TIME SAID PROVISIONS SHALL HAVE NO
10 LEGAL EFFECT.
11 (3) CHAPTER 4 SHALL TAKE EFFECT IN 18 MONTHS.
12 (4) ALL OTHER PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT SHALL TAKE EFFECT
13 IMMEDIATELY.
B10L42JLW/19770H0552B2328 - 56 -