PRIOR PRINTER'S NO. 1301 PRINTER'S NO. 1464
No. 1143 Session of 1991
INTRODUCED BY EVANS, STUBAN, NAHILL, HAGARTY, JOSEPHS,
E. Z. TAYLOR, PETRONE, HERMAN, KUKOVICH, HAYDEN, BATTISTO,
KOSINSKI, PETRARCA, CAPPABIANCA, STISH, FREEMAN, TIGUE,
WAMBACH, TRICH, TRELLO, COHEN, ROEBUCK, DALEY, MICHLOVIC,
BISHOP, BELFANTI, BELARDI, MIHALICH, STURLA, VAN HORNE,
RAYMOND, MICOZZIE, ITKIN, RUDY, LUCYK, VEON, COY, COLAIZZO,
ROBINSON, BLAUM, PESCI, LAUGHLIN, HARPER, DeLUCA, GODSHALL,
GIGLIOTTI, KENNEY, STABACK, FOX, LINTON, PISTELLA, MAIALE,
KASUNIC, DeWEESE, McCALL, SURRA, RITTER, KRUSZEWSKI, BUNT,
WILLIAMS, LaGROTTA, HUGHES, MARKOSEK, HALUSKA, STETLER,
RICHARDSON, S. H. SMITH AND SCRIMENTI, APRIL 16, 1991
AS REPORTED FROM COMMITTEE ON AGING AND YOUTH, HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES, AS AMENDED, APRIL 23, 1991
AN ACT
1 Amending the act of June 13, 1967 (P.L.31, No.21), entitled "An
2 act to consolidate, editorially revise, and codify the public
3 welfare laws of the Commonwealth," providing for training for
4 family day-care providers; providing for an annual State plan
5 for child-care services; further providing for powers and
6 duties of the Department of Public Welfare; and making
7 repeals.
8 The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
9 hereby enacts as follows:
10 Section 1. The heading of Article VI of the act of June 13,
11 1967 (P.L.31, No.21), known as the Public Welfare Code, is
12 amended and the article is amended by adding subarticles to
13 read:
14 ARTICLE VI
15 [THE AGED] CHILD CARE SERVICES
1 (a) General Provisions
2 Section 601. Definitions.--As used in this article--
3 "Child care" means care in lieu of parental care given for
4 part of the twenty-four hour day to children under sixteen years
5 of age, away from their own homes, but does not include child
6 care furnished in places of worship during religious services.
7 "CHILD CARE RESOURCE AND REFERRAL AGENCY" MEANS A PUBLIC OR <--
8 PRIVATE NONPROFIT ENTITY THAT PERFORMS FUNCTIONS RELATED TO
9 CHILD CARE RESOURCE AND REFERRAL SERVICES. THE TERM INCLUDES AN
10 ASSOCIATION OR A CORPORATION.
11 (b) Annual Plan and Demonstration Projects
12 Section 611. Annual State Plan for Child Care Services.--(a)
13 Through an annual State plan on child care services, the
14 department shall establish goals and objectives and review and
15 assess the State's child care and early childhood development
16 service delivery system, including State efforts to assure the
17 provision of accessible, available and affordable quality child
18 care services. The plan shall be developed in relation to
19 Statewide and local needs for child care services AND SHALL TAKE <--
20 INTO CONSIDERATION AVAILABLE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES PERTAINING TO
21 CHILD CARE NEEDS.
22 (b) No later than the first full week in February of each
23 year, except in the case where a Governor has been elected for
24 his first term of office and then no later than the first full
25 week in March, the department shall submit to the Aging and
26 Youth Committee and the Appropriations Committee of the Senate,
27 and the Aging and Youth Committee and the Appropriations
28 Committee of the House of Representatives, a preliminary State
29 plan on child care services. A final State plan shall be
30 submitted by the first week of September of each year.
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1 (c) In the development and implementation of an annual State
2 plan on child care services, the department shall promote common
3 policies and practices in all child care programs to the fullest
4 extent possible and develop mechanisms for interagency
5 collaboration to create a coordinated State child care and early
6 childhood development delivery system. This shall include
7 consistency in the application process, reimbursement rates,
8 income eligibility criteria and parent fee scales.
9 (d) To prepare the preliminary State plan, the department
10 shall hold at least four public hearings in different geographic
11 locations in this Commonwealth to seek input and recommendations
12 from parents, child development professionals, child care
13 providers, child advocates, educators, representatives of local
14 government, health and human service organizations, health
15 professionals, labor organizations, businesses, school officials
16 and any other individuals or agencies interested in child care
17 issues.
18 (e) The preliminary and final State plan shall include, but
19 not be limited to, the following information:
20 (1) The amount of Federal, State and local funds expended
21 for child care services and early childhood development programs
22 and the allocation of these funds. Funding shall include, but
23 not be limited to, funding through the Social Services Block
24 Grant Act (Public Law 97-35, 42 U.S.C. § 1397 et seq.), Title IV
25 of the Social Security Act (Public Law 74-271, 42 U.S.C. § 601
26 et seq.) and the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of
27 1990 at section 5082 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of
28 1990 (Public Law 101-508, 104 Stat. 1388).
29 (2) A STATE PROFILE OF CHILD CARE AND EARLY CHILDHOOD <--
30 DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN THIS COMMONWEALTH WITH INFORMATION
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1 REGARDING A DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF CHILD CARE
2 SERVICES AND EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AVAILABLE IN
3 THIS COMMONWEALTH, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, CHILD DAY CARE
4 CENTERS, GROUP DAY CARE HOMES, FAMILY DAY CARE HOMES, SCHOOL-AGE
5 PROGRAMS, SICK CARE PROGRAMS AND HEADSTART PROGRAMS.
6 (2) (3) The number of child care slots; the type of care by <--
7 age utilized by children assisted with Federal, State and local
8 funds, including Headstart and school-age child care programs;
9 the unduplicated number of children who fill these slots; the
10 funding source for the slots; and the child care capacity of
11 regulated providers.
12 (3) (4) Income eligibility guidelines for Federally and <--
13 State funded child care services, sliding fee scales, and the
14 extent to which the income guidelines and fee scales are
15 adjusted to reflect the most recent available State income data.
16 (4) (5) The State's practices regarding the monitoring of <--
17 child care programs to ensure the health, safety and welfare of
18 children. In describing the monitoring system, the department
19 shall identify the extent of announced and unannounced
20 inspections of child care providers, the level of compliance
21 with State standards and the staff-to-provider ratio to
22 accomplish this task. Recommendations on ways to improve both
23 the enforcement and monitoring of standards and compliance with
24 standards shall also be included.
25 (5) (6) The department's coordination, identification or <--
26 arrangement of training for child care providers in specific
27 program areas that are designed to improve the quality of child
28 care. The department shall identify any Federal, State, local or
29 private funding allocated for training, the objectives of the
30 training, the way in which training will be accomplished and an
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1 evaluation of the previous year's training programs.
2 (6) (7) An analysis of any recent demonstration projects <--
3 established by the department using Federal or State funds, or
4 both, along with a summary of the cost of the projects and the
5 department's findings and recommendations.
6 (7) (8) A summary of any recent reports, data or surveys <--
7 concerning the compensation of child care workers, the State's
8 reimbursement rates and any changes in rates recommended by the
9 department.
10 (9) A SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES RELATED TO <--
11 CHILD CARE NEEDS, AND A SUMMARY OF THE DEPARTMENT'S EFFORTS TO
12 INCLUDE THIS INFORMATION IN THE STATE PLAN.
13 (8) (10) Efforts by the private sector and State and local <--
14 government to encourage employer-sponsored child care services
15 and policies aimed at addressing child care needs of working
16 parents.
17 (9) (11) Identification of the responsibilities or programs <--
18 of various State departments with respect to child care services
19 and the extent to which coordination between agencies is
20 addressed. The department will describe its responsibilities,
21 under various program offices, as well as those of the
22 Department of Aging, the Department of Commerce, the Department
23 of Community Affairs, the Department of Education, the
24 Department of Health, and the Department of Labor and Industry.
25 (10) (12) Standards developed for child care providers who <--
26 are not required to be regulated by State law and who are <--
27 eligible to receive payment through a Federal or State CHILD <--
28 CARE program. These standards shall relate to the health, safety
29 and developmental needs of children.
30 (11) (13) Identification of gaps in child care services, <--
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1 unmet needs, administrative barriers that serve as obstacles to
2 obtaining child care and recommendations on how the State can
3 address these issues.
4 (14) IDENTIFICATION OF FAMILY DAY CARE AGENCY LOCATIONS AND <--
5 A DESCRIPTION OF THE DEPARTMENT'S EFFORTS TO UTILIZE THE
6 AGENCIES AS PERFORMERS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS OUTLINED
7 IN THE DEFINITION OF "FAMILY DAY CARE AGENCY" IN SECTION 1001.
8 Section 612. Contracting with Providers of Child Care
9 Services.--(a) It shall be the goal of the department in its
10 administration of Federal and State dollars allocated for
11 subsidized child care services to establish a child care
12 delivery system that is designed to meet the needs of eligible
13 children and families. In furtherance of that goal, it shall be
14 the department's responsibility in the development of a child
15 care service delivery system and in its policies and procedures
16 to support, to the fullest extent possible, a stable, diverse
17 source of child care providers from which parents can choose
18 quality child care that is affordable and accessible.
19 (b) To avoid the disruption of services to children and
20 families, the department shall have the right to enter into
21 contracts with child care providers for a specific number of
22 slots and shall not require competitive bidding for the child
23 care contracts if any of the following conditions exist:
24 (1) The provider primarily serves low-income families.
25 (2) The facility is located in the low-income community
26 where the children and their families reside.
27 (3) Transportation from the community to alternative child
28 care facilities would impose hardships on parents.
29 (4) The providers meet special needs of parents and
30 children, including, but not limited to, children with
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1 developmental disabilities and foreign speaking populations.
2 (5) The loss of service will have an adverse impact on
3 parents in need of child care in that community.
4 Section 613. Demonstration Projects and Evaluation.--(a)
5 The department shall have the authority to develop demonstration
6 projects to test new concepts and methods in delivering child
7 care services on a trial basis. SUCH PROJECT SHALL BE <--
8 DISTRIBUTED EQUITABLY ON A GEOGRAPHIC BASIS THROUGHOUT THIS
9 COMMONWEALTH.
10 (b) The evaluation of a demonstration project shall be
11 required if Federal or State funds are used to finance the
12 project. An evaluation shall set forth the department's goals
13 and objectives for the project, a detailed description of it,
14 pertinent information and data collected, the costs associated
15 with the demonstration and findings and recommendations. The
16 evaluation shall include an explanation regarding the extent to
17 which the department's original goals and objectives were
18 achieved and what modifications were required during the
19 project.
20 (c) The evaluation of a demonstration project of twelve
21 months or less in duration, shall be submitted to the Aging and
22 Youth Committee and the Appropriations Committee of the Senate,
23 and the Aging and Youth Committee and the Appropriations
24 Committee of the House of Representatives within eighteen months
25 of the project's inception. In the event that a demonstration
26 project is in operation for more than twelve months, an interim
27 evaluation shall be submitted to the same committees within
28 eighteen months of the project's inception, and a final
29 evaluation shall be submitted within six months of the
30 completion of the project. No demonstration project can be
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1 funded as a demonstration for more than three years.
2 Section 614. Establishment of Child Care Resource and
3 Referral Demonstration Projects.--(a) The department shall
4 establish four demonstration projects in TO BE DISTRIBUTED <--
5 EQUITABLY ON A GEOGRAPHIC BASIS THROUGHOUT this Commonwealth to
6 evaluate the development, maintenance and expansion of quality
7 child care through child care resource and referral programs. In
8 addition, these demonstration projects shall assess the role of
9 a child care resource and referral agency in furthering the
10 department's goal to improve access to child care, quality of
11 child care, monitoring of child care and planning for child care
12 services. The administration of public funding for subsidized
13 child care programs shall not be a required function of a
14 demonstration project.
15 (b) The projects established under subsection (a) shall
16 operate for at least two years. They may be continued if funding
17 is available.
18 Section 615. Eligibility.--A child care resource and
19 referral agency is eligible to provide a demonstration project
20 under section 614 if it can demonstrate, through past
21 performance or current service, ability to effectively perform
22 the functions under section 616 and if it can provide evidence
23 that it has served low-income families.
24 Section 616. Function.--A child care resource and referral
25 agency must provide, at a minimum, the following services:
26 (1) Identification of all regulated child care services in a
27 defined geographical and service-delivery area.
28 (2) Maintenance of a regularly updated resource file of
29 services and vacancies.
30 (3) Public education about the availability, cost, standards
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1 and types of child care programs in a defined geographical and
2 service-delivery area.
3 (4) Assistance to parents in evaluating child care needs and
4 appropriateness of types of care.
5 (5) Referrals to child care services near the home, work
6 area, or facility where the parent is attending school or
7 receiving job training.
8 (6) Providing caregivers with training workshops, assistance
9 in filling vacancies, advocacy for attaining professional
10 status, opportunities for sharing information and experiences
11 and access to ongoing educational certification programs.
12 (7) Provision of start-up information, INCLUDING INFORMATION <--
13 ON RELEVANT CHILD CARE LAWS AND REGULATIONS, for potential child
14 care providers to stimulate the supply of child care resources.
15 (8) Ability to respond to requests from businesses for
16 information or services designed to meet the child care needs of
17 their employes.
18 (9) Documentation and tabulation of data pertaining to
19 parent requests, consumer complaints and employer-sponsored
20 child care services that will assist in community and State
21 planning and identification of needs.
22 (10) Procedures for handling complaints related to child day
23 care programs and referral of day care programs under
24 investigation by the department.
25 (11) Establishment of fees, where necessary, to defray the <--
26 cost of child care resource and referral services.
27 (12) (11) Establishment of procedures that ensure the <--
28 confidentiality of children and parents who utilize the agency's
29 services.
30 SECTION 617. ESTABLISHMENT OF FEES.--A CHILD CARE RESOURCE <--
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1 AND REFERRAL AGENCY MAY ESTABLISH REASONABLE FEES WHERE
2 NECESSARY, SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE DEPARTMENT, TO DEFRAY
3 THE COST OF CHILD CARE RESOURCE AND REFERRAL SERVICES.
4 Section 617 618. Reports.--Within eighteen months of the <--
5 inception of a demonstration project under section 614, the
6 department shall submit to the Aging and Youth Committee of the
7 Senate and the Appropriations Committee of the Senate and the
8 Aging and Youth Committee of the House of Representatives and
9 the Appropriations Committee of the House of Representatives an
10 interim report that describes the demonstration projects
11 selected by the department AS PROVIDED FOR IN SECTION 613. A <--
12 final report shall be submitted to the same committees within
13 six months of a project's completion. The report shall include,
14 along with recommendations, the department's findings relating
15 to numbers of parents and children served; extent of assistance
16 given to caregivers, parents and employes; cost of child care
17 resource and referral services; the availability of private,
18 corporate and government funding for the development and
19 maintenance of resource and referral agencies; and the project's
20 impact on quality and availability of child care in a
21 geographically defined area.
22 (c) Training
23 Section 631. Training for Family Day Care Providers.--(a)
24 The department shall arrange for training for prospective and
25 current family day care providers. The training shall cover, at
26 a minimum, the following areas, as they relate to child care:
27 (1) First aid and basic safety, resulting in certification
28 in standard first aid and community cardiopulmonary
29 resuscitation.
30 (2) Child development, including information on
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1 characteristics of infants and preschool and school-age children
2 that can assist caregivers in nurturing the physical, social,
3 emotional and intellectual growth of each child.
4 (3) Nutrition, including the Child Care Food Program
5 sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture.
6 (4) Health care and hygiene, including washing hands before
7 handling food, care of diapers and toilet areas.
8 (5) Small business management skills, including budgets and
9 recordkeeping.
10 (6) Discipline and guidance of children.
11 (7) Creative programming and development of proper learning
12 environments for children.
13 (8) Utilization of community resources.
14 (9) Development of communication skills of caregivers with
15 parents and families.
16 (b) The department shall encourage but not require family
17 day care providers to participate in the training made available
18 under this section.
19 Section 2. The definition of "children's institutions" in
20 section 901 of the act, amended December 5, 1980 (P.L.1112,
21 No.193), is amended to read:
22 Section 901. Definitions.--As used in this article--
23 "Children's institutions" means any incorporated or
24 unincorporated organization, society, corporation or agency,
25 public or private, which may receive or care for children, or
26 place them in foster family homes, either at board, wages or
27 free; or any individual who, for hire, gain or reward, receives
28 for care a child, unless he is related to such child by blood or
29 marriage within the second degree; or any individual, not in the
30 regular employ of the court or of an organization, society,
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1 association or agency, duly certified by the department, who in
2 any manner becomes a party to the placing of children in foster
3 homes, unless he is related to such children by blood or
4 marriage within the second degree, or is the duly appointed
5 guardian thereof. [The term shall not include a family day care
6 home in which care is provided in lieu of parental care to six
7 or less children for part of a twenty-four hour day.] The term
8 shall include a nonprofit family day care agency that is
9 operated by or under the authority of a bona fide church or
10 other religious organization and that administers any family day
11 care home in which care is provided at any one time to four
12 through six children who are not relatives of the caregiver.
13 * * *
14 Section 3. The definition of "facility" in section 1001 of
15 the act, amended December 21, 1988 (P.L.1883, No.185), is
16 amended and the section is amended by adding definitions to
17 read:
18 Section 1001. Definitions.--As used in this article--
19 * * *
20 "Agency-affiliated family day care home" means a family day
21 care home which operates under the auspices of a family day care
22 agency through a contractual arrangement with a family day care
23 home and which provides family day care only to children
24 referred by the family day care agency.
25 * * *
26 "Facility" means an adult day care center, agency-affiliated
27 family day care home, child day care center, family day care
28 agency, family day care home, boarding home for children, mental
29 health establishment, personal care home, nursing home, hospital
30 or maternity home, as defined herein, and shall not include
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1 those operated by the State or Federal governments or those
2 supervised by the department.
3 "Family day care agency" means a social service agency which
4 administers family day care programs, including the recruitment,
5 screening and selection of family day care homes, and which,
6 through contractual arrangements with family caregivers,
7 performs administrative functions that include, but are not
8 limited to, training of caregivers; technical assistance; intake
9 and referral of children to family day care homes; monitoring
10 and inspection of the agency's family day care homes; evaluation
11 of children's development, the family caregiver's daily program
12 and the family caregiver; consultation and assistance to parents
13 and children; referral of children and parents to health, social
14 services and food and nutrition programs when appropriate; and
15 furnishing child care equipment to family day care homes. The
16 term shall not include a nonprofit agency which is operated by
17 or under the authority of a bona fide church or other religious
18 organization and which is supervised by the department under
19 Article IX.
20 "Family day care home" means any home in which child day care
21 is provided at any one time to four through six children who are
22 not relatives of the caregiver. The term shall not include a
23 home operated under the auspices of a nonprofit agency which is
24 operated by a bona fide church or other religious organization
25 and which is supervised by the department under Article IX.
26 * * *
27 Section 4. The act is amended by adding sections to read:
28 Section 1010. Additional Requirements for Family Day Care
29 Homes.--(a) In a family day care home, all of the following
30 apply:
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1 (1) There may be no more than two children under eighteen
2 months of age in care. This clause includes foster children and
3 relatives of the caregiver.
4 (2) Each floor level used by children in a family day care
5 home must have at least two exits, one of which may be a window.
6 At least one exit from each floor level must provide a direct
7 means of unobstructed travel to the outside at street or ground
8 level.
9 (3) A window of a type which may be readily opened and of
10 proper size and design to allow for evacuation must be provided
11 as a second exit.
12 (4) A room or space, including an attic, which is accessible
13 only by a ladder, folding stairway or through a trap door may
14 not be used by children.
15 (5) A family day care home caregiver shall have an initial
16 health assessment structured to identify health conditions which
17 would adversely affect the caregiver's ability to provide child
18 care. The same health requirements shall apply to other members
19 of the caregiver's household who have direct contact with any
20 child in care. The caregiver shall be required to report to the
21 department any significant changes in health status that would
22 adversely affect the caregiver's ability to provide child care.
23 (6) A family day care home caregiver must be at least
24 twenty-one years of age.
25 (b) Family day care homes shall comply with regulations
26 promulgated by the department.
27 (c) An agency-affiliated family day care home is not
28 required to apply for a separate license as a family day care
29 home. Under the supervision of a family day care agency, an
30 agency-affiliated family day care home shall comply with this
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1 section and regulations promulgated under section 1011.
2 Section 1011. Regulations.--(a) The department has the
3 power and duty to promulgate regulations to implement this
4 article.
5 (b) In the development of regulations, the department shall
6 consider standards and recommendations relating to family day
7 care and family day care home providers that have been developed
8 by the Child Welfare League of America and the National
9 Association for the Education of Young Children.
10 Section 5. Section 1016 of the act, amended July 15, 1976
11 (P.L.993, No.202), is amended to read:
12 Section 1016. Right to Enter and Inspect.--For the purpose
13 of determining the suitability of the applicants and of the
14 premises or whether or not any premises in fact qualifies as a
15 facility as defined in section 1001 of this act or the
16 continuing conformity of the licensees to this act and to the
17 applicable regulations of the department, any authorized agent
18 of the department shall have the right to enter, visit and
19 inspect any facility licensed or requiring a license under this
20 act and shall have full and free access to the records of the
21 facility and to the individuals therein and full opportunity to
22 interview, inspect or examine such individuals.
23 An authorized agent of the department shall also confer with
24 the operators of facilities regarding the minimum standards of
25 the department, encourage the adoption of higher standards and
26 recommend methods of improving care and services.
27 If an authorized agent of the department is refused access
28 for an investigation under this section, the department may
29 apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for an administrative
30 inspection warrant. For purposes of a warrant under this
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1 section, probable cause that this article has been violated
2 consists of a statement by the authorized agent of the
3 department that access for an inspection under this section has
4 been sought and refused. An administrative inspection warrant is
5 enforceable as any other warrant issued by a court.
6 Section 6. Section 1031 of the act is amended to read:
7 Section 1031. Violation; Penalty.--(a) Any person operating
8 a facility within this Commonwealth without a license required
9 by this act, shall upon conviction thereof in a summary
10 proceeding be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than twenty-
11 five dollars ($25) nor more than three hundred dollars ($300),
12 and costs of prosecution, and in default of the payment thereof
13 to undergo imprisonment for not less than ten days nor more than
14 thirty days. Each day of operating a facility without a license
15 required by this act shall constitute a separate offense.
16 (b) In addition to the criminal penalty in subsection (a),
17 the department may assess a civil penalty of five hundred
18 dollars ($500) against a person found to be operating a facility
19 within this Commonwealth without a license required by this act.
20 Penalty assessment under this subsection shall conform to 2
21 Pa.C.S. Ch. 5 Subch. A (relating to practice and procedure of
22 Commonwealth agencies) and Ch. 7 Subch. A (relating to judicial
23 review of Commonwealth agency action).
24 Section 7. Sections 1070, 1071, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1075,
25 1076, 1077, 1078, 1079 and 1080 of the act are repealed.
26 Section 8. The Department of Public Welfare shall comply
27 with the following time schedules:
28 (1) Within 90 days of the effective date of this
29 section, the department shall submit proposed rulemaking
30 under section 1011 of the act to the Legislative Reference
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1 Bureau for publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin.
2 (2) Within 180 days of the effective date of this
3 section, the department shall submit final rulemaking on the
4 proposal under paragraph (1) to the Legislative Reference
5 Bureau for publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin. The
6 regulations shall take effect within one year of the
7 effective date of this section.
8 Section 9. This act shall take effect as follows:
9 (1) The following provisions shall take effect
10 immediately:
11 (i) The addition of section 1011 of the act.
12 (ii) The amendment of sections 1016 and 1031 of the
13 act.
14 (iii) Section 8 of this act.
15 (iv) This section.
16 (2) The repeal of sections 1070 through 1080 of the act
17 shall take effect upon the effective date of the regulations
18 promulgated under section 8 of this act.
19 (3) The amendment or addition of sections 901, 1001 and
20 1010 of this act shall take effect in one year.
21 (4) The remainder of this act shall take effect in 60
22 days.
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