PRINTER'S NO. 82
No. 80 Session of 1979
INTRODUCED BY ITKIN, J. L. WRIGHT, JR., D. M. O'BRIEN, BURNS,
McCALL, SWEET, SEVENTY, IRVIS AND MANDERINO, FEBRUARY 5, 1979
REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON MINES AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT,
FEBRUARY 5, 1979
AN ACT
1 Providing for the regulation for energy conservation purposes of
2 the construction of buildings, the establishment of a
3 Building Energy Conservation Committee and a Board on
4 Variances, appeals and for penalties.
5 TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 Chapter 1. General Provisions
7 Section 101. Short title.
8 Section 102. Legislative findings and declaration of
9 purpose.
10 Section 103. Definitions.
11 Chapter 2. Energy Conservation Standards
12 Subchapter A. General Provisions
13 Section 201. Provisions.
14 Subchapter B. Plans and Specifications
15 Section 202. Submission.
16 Section 203. Contents.
17 Subchapter C. Definitions Relating to Energy Conservation
18 Standards
1 Section 204. Definitions relating to standards.
2 Subchapter D. Building Envelope
3 Section 205. General provisions.
4 Section 206. Criteria for residential buildings.
5 Section 207. Other buildings.
6 Section 208. Air leakage.
7 Subchapter E. Warm Air Heating, Ventilating and Air
8 Conditioning Systems and Equipment
9 Section 209. General provisions.
10 Section 210. Design requirements.
11 Section 211. Cooling with outdoor air.
12 Section 212. Mechanical ventilation.
13 Section 213. Simultaneous heating and cooling.
14 Section 214. Recovered energy.
15 Section 215. New energy.
16 Section 216. Reheat systems.
17 Section 217. Dual duct and multizone systems.
18 Section 218. Recooling systems.
19 Section 219. Multiple zones.
20 Section 220. Concurrent operation.
21 Section 221. Equipment performance requirements.
22 Section 222. Duct insulation.
23 Section 223. System controls.
24 Section 224. Steam and hot water heating piping.
25 Subchapter F. Plumbing Systems
26 Section 225. Purpose.
27 Section 226. Fixtures.
28 Section 227. Insulation.
29 Section 228. Equipment.
30 Section 229. Controls.
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1 Subchapter G. Electrical Systems
2 Section 230. System requirements.
3 Subchapter H. Lighting
4 Section 231. Light power budget.
5 Section 232. Calculation methods.
6 Section 233. Building interiors.
7 Section 234. Building exteriors.
8 Section 235. Exceptions to criteria.
9 Section 236. Calculation procedure.
10 Subchapter I. Alternative Systems
11 Section 237. Performance alternative.
12 Section 238. Nondepletable sources.
13 Section 239. Documentation.
14 Subchapter J. Use Group R-3 Prescriptive Standards
15 Section 240. Minimum insulation requirements for Use
16 Group R-3.
17 Chapter 3. Application of Standards: Establishment of
18 Committee and Penalties
19 Section 301. Modification of standards; criteria.
20 Section 302. Application of energy conservation standards.
21 Section 303. Energy conservation manual for buildings.
22 Section 304. Building Energy Conservation Committee.
23 Section 305. Certification.
24 Section 306. Use Group R-3; Notice; Warranty.
25 Section 307. Variances.
26 Section 308. Building permits.
27 Section 309. Permits for use or occupancy.
28 Section 310. Failure to submit certification.
29 Section 311. Inspections.
30 Section 312. Appeals.
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1 Section 313. Penalties.
2 Section 314. Enforcement.
3 Section 315. Civil action.
4 Chapter 4. Adoption of Future Standards
5 Section 401. Adoption and promulgation of standards.
6 Chapter 5. Local Election
7 Section 501. Election; Use Group R-3.
8 Section 502. Election; cities of the first, second and
9 second class A.
10 Section 503. Powers of municipalities.
11 Section 504. Variances.
12 Section 505. Disposition of fines.
13 Chapter 6. Report to General Assembly
14 Section 601. Report to General Assembly
15 Section 602. Effective date.
16 The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
17 hereby enacts as follows:
18 CHAPTER 1
19 GENERAL PROVISIONS
20 Section 101. Short title.
21 This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Building
22 Energy Conservation Act."
23 Section 102. Legislative findings and declaration of purpose.
24 (a) Findings.--The Legislature hereby determines that:
25 (1) Energy shortages in the domestic supply present far-
26 reaching problems that promise to persist. These energy
27 shortages affect the continued efficient operation of the
28 Commonwealth's economy and social structure.
29 (2) It is the Commonwealth's responsibility to provide
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1 for energy conservation through regulation of design and
2 construction standards.
3 (3) The Legislature intends, by this act, to respond to
4 these shortages by devising a specific responsible energy
5 conservation policy for building systems.
6 (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this act is to grant to the
7 Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and direct it to exercise specific
8 authority in building construction to assure that such
9 construction is performed using materials and techniques that
10 will provide for energy conservation in the future operation and
11 maintenance of said buildings.
12 Section 103. Definitions.
13 The following words and phrases when used in this act shall
14 have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the
15 meanings given to them in this section:
16 "Building." Any structure that provides facilities or
17 shelter for public assembly or for educational, business,
18 mercantile, institutional, warehouse or residential occupancy,
19 or industrial use including, but not limited to, those portions
20 of factory and industrial occupancy such as office space except
21 for:
22 (1) Buildings and structures or portions thereof whose
23 peak design rate of energy usage is less than one watt per
24 square foot or 3.4 BTU/hr per square foot of floor area for
25 all purposes.
26 (2) Structures or those portions of structures used for
27 housing equipment or machinery, or in which manufacturing or
28 processing is done, where the operation of such equipment or
29 machinery, or the manufacturing or processing procedures
30 employed require the use of or generate substantial heat
19790H0080B0082 - 5 -
1 producing energy or cooling within the structure. As used
2 herein, the generation of substantial heat shall mean
3 generation of more than 6 watts per square foot of floor
4 area.
5 (3) Buildings which are neither heated nor cooled.
6 (4) Historic buildings.
7 (5) Buildings owned by the Federal Government.
8 "Construction." The erection, fabrication or renovation of a
9 building.
10 "Department." The Pennsylvania Department of Labor and
11 Industry except that for all units subject to the act of May 11,
12 1972 (P.L.286, No.70), known as the "Industrialized Housing
13 Act," all units subject to the act of May 11, 1972 (P.L.281,
14 No.69), known as the "Uniform Standards Code for Mobile Homes,"
15 and all buildings classified as Use Group R-3, herein,
16 department means the Pennsylvania Department of Community
17 Affairs.
18 "Design." Calculations and resultant drawings and
19 specifications which are used for the construction of a
20 building.
21 "Historic building." Any building determined by the State
22 Historic Preservation Officer to meet the criteria for listing
23 on the National Register of Historic Places but only to the
24 extent that compliance with this act would prevent preservation
25 of the historic or architectural integrity of the building.
26 "Licensed design professional." A person licensed as an
27 architect or professional engineer pursuant to the appropriate
28 licensure act.
29 "Life-cycle cost." The cost of a building including its
30 initial cost, the cost of the energy consumed over its economic
19790H0080B0082 - 6 -
1 life and the cost of its operation and maintenance.
2 "Municipality." A city, borough, incorporated town or
3 township.
4 "Performance standards." Parameters within which designers
5 of buildings shall work. The specific practices that a designer
6 employs shall not be prescribed as long as the result is within
7 the parameters established by the standards.
8 "Renovation."
9 (1) The rehabilitation of an existing building which
10 requires more than 25% of the gross floor area or volume of
11 the entire building to be rebuilt. Cosmetic work such as
12 painting, wall covering, wall paneling, floor covering, and
13 suspended ceiling work shall not be included.
14 (2) Any addition to an existing building: Provided,
15 however, That the provisions of this act shall only apply to
16 such portion of the building being renovated and not to the
17 entire building.
18 CHAPTER 2
19 ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS
20 SUBCHAPTER A
21 GENERAL PROVISIONS
22 Section 201. Provisions.
23 Except for Use Group R-3, the following provisions regulate
24 the design and construction of the exterior envelopes and
25 selection of HVAC, service water heating, electrical
26 distribution, and illumination systems and equipment required
27 for the purpose of effective use of energy and shall govern the
28 construction of all buildings, or portions thereof, as provided
29 herein.
30 The provisions regulating the construction of buildings
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1 classified as Use Group R-3 are contained in Subchapter J,
2 section 240.
3 SUBCHAPTER B
4 PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS
5 Section 202. Submission.
6 (a) Plans.--Plans, specifications, computations where
7 necessary, and any changes thereto together with the necessary
8 certification required by section 305 shall be submitted for all
9 buildings except those classified as Use Group R-3 to indicate
10 conformance with this chapter and other applicable chapters of
11 this act, except as provided in subsections (b) and (c).
12 (b) Standard design.--Whenever a person is constructing a
13 building in accordance with plans, specifications and
14 computations which he has submitted within the previous two
15 years, such plans need not be resubmitted but such person shall
16 indicate upon the certificate required by section 305 that they
17 meet the standards currently in effect and identify the
18 previously submitted plans, specifications and computations.
19 (c) Prescriptive standards.--When the prescriptive standards
20 provided in the Energy Conservation Manual established by
21 section 303 are employed in the construction of a building only
22 such information as shall be required by the department shall be
23 submitted. The prescriptive standards applicable to Use Group R-
24 3 buildings are contained in section 240.
25 Section 203. Contents.
26 The plans and specifications, where required by section 202,
27 shall show in sufficient detail all pertinent data and features
28 of the building and the equipment and systems as herein
29 governed, including but not limited to: exterior envelope
30 component materials, U values of elements, R values of
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1 insulating materials, size and type of apparatus and equipment,
2 equipment and system controls and other pertinent data to
3 indicate conformance with the requirements herein.
4 SUBCHAPTER C
5 DEFINITIONS RELATING TO
6 ENERGY CONSERVATION STANDARDS
7 Section 204. Definitions relating to standards.
8 The following words and phrases when used in this chapter
9 shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the
10 meanings given to them in this section:
11 "Coefficient of beam utilization" (CBU). The ratio of the
12 luminous flux (lumens) reaching a specified area directly from a
13 floodlight or projector to the total beam luminous flux.
14 "Coefficient of performance" (COP) - cooling. The ratio of
15 the rate of net heat removal to the rate of total energy input,
16 expressed in consistent units and under designated rating
17 conditions.
18 "Coefficient of performance" (COP) - heat pump, heating. The
19 ratio of the rate of net heat output to the rate of total energy
20 input, expressed in consistent units and under designated rating
21 conditions.
22 The rate of net heat output shall be defined as the change in
23 the total heat contents of the air entering and leaving the
24 equipment not including supplementary heat.
25 Total energy input shall be determined by combining the
26 energy inputs to all elements, except supplementary heaters, of
27 the heat pump, including, but not limited to, compressors,
28 pumps, supply air fans, return air fans, outdoor air fans,
29 cooling tower fans and the heating, ventilating and air
30 conditioning system equipment control circuit.
19790H0080B0082 - 9 -
1 "Coefficient of utilization" (CU). The ratio of the luminous
2 flux (lumens) from a luminaire received on the work plane to the
3 lumens emitted by the luminaire's lamps alone.
4 "Color rendition." General expression for the effect of a
5 light source on the color. Appearance of objects in conscious or
6 subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a
7 reference light source.
8 "Degree day, heating." A unit, based upon temperature
9 difference and time, used in estimating fuel consumption and
10 specifying nominal heating load of a building in winter. For any
11 one day, when the mean temperature is less than 65 F., there
12 exist as many degree days as there are Fahrenheit degrees
13 difference in temperature between the mean temperature for the
14 day and 65 F.
15 "Energy efficiency ratio" (EER). The ratio of net cooling
16 capacity in Btuh to total rate of electric input in watts under
17 designated operating conditions.
18 "Equivalent sphere illumination" (ESI). The level of sphere
19 illumination which would produce task visibility equivalent to
20 that produced by a specific lighting environment.
21 "Exterior envelope." The elements of a building which
22 enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be
23 transferred to or from the exterior.
24 "Floodlighting." A lighting system designated to light an
25 area using projector type luminaires usually capable of being
26 pointed in any direction.
27 "Floor area, gross." Gross floor area shall be the floor
28 area within the perimeter of the outside walls of the building
29 under consideration, without deduction for hallways, stairs,
30 closets, thickness of walls, columns or other features.
19790H0080B0082 - 10 -
1 "Illumination." The density of the luminous flux incident on
2 a surface. It is the quotient of the luminous flux by the area
3 of the surface when the latter is uniformly illuminated.
4 "Light loss factor" (LLF). A factor used in calculating the
5 level of illumination after a given period of time and under
6 given conditions. It takes into account temperature and voltage
7 variations, dirt accumulation on luminaire and room surfaces,
8 lamp depreciation, maintenance procedures and atmosphere
9 conditions.
10 "Luminaire." A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp
11 or lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the
12 light, to position and protect the lamps and to connect the
13 lamps to the power supply.
14 "Multiglazing." An arrangement whereby two or more sheets of
15 glazing material are affixed in or on to a window frame to
16 create one or more closed insulating air spaces. Multiglazing
17 can be achieved by installing a preassembled sealed insulating
18 glass unit, consisting of two or more layers of glazing
19 materials with insulating, closed air space in between, or by
20 affixing one or more additional glazing materials onto a single
21 glazed window sash, creating one or more closed insulating air
22 spaces.
23 "Packaged terminal air conditioner." A factory selected
24 combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or
25 sections, intended to serve a room or zone.
26 "Power." In connection with machines, power is the time rate
27 of doing work. In connection with the transmission of energy of
28 all types, power refers to the rate at which energy is
29 transmitted; in customary units, it is measured in watts (W) or
30 British thermal units per hour (Btuh) and in SI units is
19790H0080B0082 - 11 -
1 measured in watts (W).
2 "Reflectance." The ratio of the light reflected by a surface
3 to the light falling upon it.
4 "Reheat." The application of sensible heat to supply air
5 that has been previously cooled below the temperature of the
6 conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or the
7 introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling.
8 "Residential buildings." All buildings and structures or
9 parts thereof shall be classified in the residential (R) use
10 group in which families or households live, or in which sleeping
11 accommodations are provided for individuals with or without
12 dining facilities, excluding those that are classified as
13 institutional buildings. Residential buildings shall be
14 classified as follows:
15 (1) Use group R-1 structures. This use group shall include
16 all hotel and motel buildings, lodging houses, boarding houses
17 and dormitory buildings arranged for the shelter and sleeping
18 accommodation of more than 20 individuals.
19 (2) Use group R-2 structures. This use group shall include
20 all multiple-family dwellings having more than two dwelling
21 units; and shall also include all dormitories, boarding and
22 lodging houses arranged for shelter and sleeping accommodation
23 by more than five and not more than 20 individuals.
24 (3) Use group R-3 structures. This use group shall include
25 all buildings arranged for the use of one or two family dwelling
26 units including not more than five lodgers or boarders per
27 family.
28 "Resistance, thermal" (R). A measure of the ability to
29 retard the flow of heat. The R value is the reciprocal of a heat
30 transfer coefficient, as expressed by U. (R = 1/U).
19790H0080B0082 - 12 -
1 "Thermal transmittance" (U). Overall coefficient of heat
2 transmission or thermal transmittance (air to air) expressed in
3 units of BTU per hour per square foot per degree F. It is the
4 time rate of heat flow. The U value applies to combinations of
5 different materials used in series along the heat flow path and
6 also to single materials that comprise a building section and
7 include cavity air spaces and surface air films on both sides.
8 "Thermal transmittance" (Uo). Overall (average) heat
9 transmission or thermal transmittance of a gross area of the
10 exterior building envelope, expressed in units of BTU per hour
11 per square foot per degree F.
12 The Uo value applies to the combined effect of the time rate
13 of heat flows through the various parallel paths, such as
14 windows, doors and opaque construction areas, comprising the
15 gross area of one or more exterior building components, such as
16 walls, floor or roof/ceiling.
17 "Thermostat." An instrument which measures changes in
18 temperature and controls devices for maintaining a desired
19 temperature.
20 "Veiling reflections." Regular reflections superimposed upon
21 diffuse reflections from an object that partially or totally
22 obscure the details to be seen by reducing the contrast. This
23 sometimes is called "reflected glare."
24 "Window management." Any one or combination of acts and
25 activities whose purpose is to take maximum advantage of the
26 energy conserving aspects of utilizing solar energy to heat a
27 building and/or utilize solar illumination within a building to
28 augment energy-consuming lighting systems. Such acts and
29 activities include, but are not limited to, building-window
30 siting and orientation, selection of glazing materials, design
19790H0080B0082 - 13 -
1 of overhangs, sun screens or placement of shrubbery.
2 "Work plane." The plane at which work usually is done and at
3 which the illumination is specified and measured. Unless
4 otherwise indicated, this is assumed to be a horizontal plane 30
5 in. (0.76 m) above the floor.
6 "Zone." A space or group of spaces within a building with
7 heating or cooling requirements sufficiently similar so that
8 comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a single
9 controlling device.
10 SUBCHAPTER D
11 BUILDING ENVELOPE
12 Section 205. General provisions.
13 (a) Purpose of subchapter.--The intent of this subchapter is
14 to provide minimum requirements for exterior envelope
15 construction in the interest of energy conservation.
16 In addition to the criteria set forth in this subchapter
17 provisions shall be made to maximize the energy conserving
18 benefits of solar daylight and passive solar heat gain through
19 window management. The proposed design may also take into
20 consideration the thermal mass of the building in considering
21 energy conservation. The administering agency shall provide the
22 guidelines necessary to implement these provisions.
23 (b) Thermal performance.--All buildings and structures that
24 are heated or mechanically cooled shall be constructed so as to
25 provide the required thermal performance of the various
26 components.
27 The required thermal transmittance value (Uo) of any one
28 component, such as roof/ceiling, wall or floor may be increased
29 and the Uo value for other components decreased provided that
30 the overall heat gain or loss for the entire building envelope
19790H0080B0082 - 14 -
1 does not exceed the total resulting from conformance to the
2 required Uo values.
3 (c) Different requirements.--A building that is designed to
4 be both heated and cooled shall meet the more stringent of the
5 heating or cooling requirements of the exterior envelope as
6 provided in this subchapter when requirements differ.
7 (d) Exterior walls.--For the purpose of this subchapter the
8 gross area of exterior walls consists of all opaque wall areas,
9 including foundation walls above grade, peripheral edges of
10 floors, window areas including sash, and door areas, where such
11 surfaces are exposed to outdoor air and enclose a heated or
12 mechanically cooled space.
13 (e) Roof assembly.--For the purpose of this subchapter a
14 roof assembly shall be considered as all components of the
15 roof/ceiling envelope through which heat flows, thereby creating
16 a building transmission heat loss or gain, where such assembly
17 is exposed to outdoor air and encloses a heated or mechanically
18 cooled space.
19 The gross area of a roof assembly consists of the total
20 interior surface of such assembly, including skylights, exposed
21 to the heated or mechanically cooled space.
22 Where air ceiling plenums are employed, the roof or ceiling
23 assembly shall:
24 (1) For thermal transmittance purposes not include the
25 ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly.
26 (2) For gross area purposes be based upon the interior
27 face of the upper plenum surface.
28 Section 206. Criteria for residential buildings.
29 (a) Applicability.--The requirements herein shall apply to
30 all buildings and structures or portions thereof of use groups
19790H0080B0082 - 15 -
1 R-1 and R-2 that are heated or mechanically cooled when not more
2 than 3 stories or 40 feet in height.
3 (b) Walls.--The gross area of exterior walls above grade,
4 including foundation walls, shall have a combined thermal
5 transmittance value (Uo) not exceeding those specified in Table
6 1.
7 Table 1
8 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values for
9 Gross Exterior Wall Assemblies
10 Detached All other
11 Annual heating degree days* one & two family residential
12 4000 0.25 0.31
13 5000 0.23 0.29
14 6000 0.22 0.27
15 7000 0.20 0.26
16 *As specified in Chapter 43 ASHRAE Handbook-Systems.
17 (c) Roof/ceiling.--The roof/ceiling assemblies shall have a
18 combined thermal transmittance value (Uo) not to exceed 0.05
19 except that roof/ceiling assemblies in which the finished
20 interior surface is essentially the underside of the roof deck,
21 such as a wooden cathedral ceiling, may have a "Uo" value not to
22 exceed 0.08. These values presume no significant thermal
23 transmission through framing members, skylights or other
24 interruptions in the roof envelope. If such interruptions occur,
25 calculations must be made showing conformance to the required
26 "Uo" values.
27 (d) Floors over unheated spaces.--The floor of a heated or
28 mechanically cooled space located over an unheated space shall
29 have a combined thermal transmittance value (Uo) not to exceed
30 0.08.
19790H0080B0082 - 16 -
1 (e) Slab-on grade floors.--
2 (1) For slab-on grade floors, the perimeter of the floor
3 shall be insulated with a material having a thermal
4 resistance value (R) not less than those specified in Table
5 2.
6 Table 2
7 Minimum Allowable "R" Values of Perimeter
8 Insulation for Slab-On Grade Floors
9 Annual heating degree days Heated slab Unheated slab
10 4000* 5.5 3.5
11 5000 6.3 4.2
12 6000 7.0 4.9
13 7000 7.8 5.5
14 *Table values may be interpolated.
15 (2) The insulation shall extend downward from the top of
16 the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to
17 the bottom of the slab then horizontally beneath the slab for
18 a minimum total distance of 24 inches.
19 Section 207. Other buildings.
20 (a) Coverage.--The heating and cooling requirements herein
21 shall govern all buildings and structures or portions thereof
22 other than defined by section 206.
23 (b) Heating criteria for walls.--All buildings and
24 structures that are heated shall have a combined thermal
25 transmittance value (Uo) for the gross area of exterior walls
26 not exceeding those specified in Table 3.
27 Table 3
28 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values
29 for Gross Exterior Wall Assemblies
30 3 stories or More than
19790H0080B0082 - 17 -
1 Annual heating degree days 40 ft. or less 3 stories or
2 40 ft.
3 4000 0.31 0.38
4 5000 0.29 0.36
5 6000 0.27 0.33
6 7000 0.26 0.31
7 (c) Heating criteria for roof/ceiling.--All buildings and
8 structures that are heated shall have combined thermal
9 transmittance value (Uo) for roof/ceiling assemblies not
10 exceeding those specified in Table 4.
11 Table 4
12 Maximum Allowable "Uo" Values
13 for Roof/Ceiling Assemblies
14 Annual heating degree days Maximum Uo
15 4000* 0.092
16 5000 0.084
17 6000 0.076
18 7000 0.068
19 *Table values may be interpolated.
20 (d) Heating criteria for floors over unheated spaces.--The
21 floor of a heated space located over an unheated space shall
22 have a thermal transmittance value (Uo) not exceeding 0.08.
23 (e) Heating criteria for slab-on grade floors.--For slab-on
24 grade floors, the perimeter of the floor shall be insulated with
25 a material having a thermal resistance value (R) not less than
26 those specified in Table 5.
27 The insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab
28 for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward to the bottom of
29 the slab then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum total
30 distance of 24 inches.
19790H0080B0082 - 18 -
1 Table 5
2 Minimum Allowable "R" Values of Perimeter
3 Insulation for Slab-On Grade Floors
4 Annual heating degree days Heated slab Unheated slab
5 4000* 5.5 3.5
6 5000 6.3 4.2
7 6000 7.0 4.9
8 7000 7.8 5.5
9 *Table values may be interpolated.
10 (f) Cooling criteria for walls.--All buildings and
11 structures that are mechanically cooled shall have an overall
12 thermal transfer value for the gross area of exterior walls not
13 exceeding 33.5 BTU's per hour per square foot based on the
14 following equation:
15 OTTV = (Uw x Aw X TDEQ) + (Af x Sf x Sc) + (Uf x Af x Delta T)
16 Ao
17 OTTV = Overall thermal transfer value where:
18 Uw = The thermal transmittance of all elements of the opaque
19 wall area Btu/h. ft2.F (W/m2K)
20 Aw = Opaque wall area, ft2 (m2)
21 Uf = The thermal transmittance of the fenestration area
22 Btu/h. ft2.F (W/m2K)
23 Af = Fenestration area, ft2 (m2)
24 TDEQ = Value given in the following table,F, (c):
25 TABLE FOR TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
26 Wall Construction-mass per unit area TDEQ
27 LB/FT2 Kg/m2 F C
28 0-25 0-125 44 24.5
29 26-40 126-195 37 21.0
30 41-70 196-345 30 17.0
19790H0080B0082 - 19 -
1 71 and above 346 and above 23 13.0
2 Weight of wall construction shall be determined from the
3 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Chapter 22.
4 Sc = Shading coefficient of the fenestration
5 Delta T = Temperature difference between exterior and interior
6 design conditions, F, for which the following
7 temperatures shall apply:
8 Indoor Outdoor
9 F C
10 Winter 72 22.0 97 1/2%*
11 Summer 78 25.5 2 1/2%*
12 * Values from 1972 ASHRAE Handbook of
13 Fundamentals, Chapter 33.
14 SF = Solar factor value given Btu/h.ft2 (W/m2).
15 (use 127 Btu/h.ft2)
16 AO = Gross area of exterior walls, ft2 (m2). The gross
17 area of exterior walls consists of all opaque wall
18 areas (including foundation walls, between floor span-
19 drels, peripheral edges of floors, etc.), window
20 areas (including sash), and door areas, where such
21 surfaces are exposed to outdoor air and enclose a
22 heated and/or mechanically cooled space (including
23 intersticial areas between two such spaces).
24 Note: Where more than one type of wall and/or fenestration
25 is used, the respective term or terms shall be expanded
26 into sub-elements, as:
27 (Uw x Aw x TDEQ) + (Uw2 x Aw2 x TDEQ2), etc.
28 (g) Cooling criteria for roof/ceilings.--All buildings and
29 structures that are mechanically cooled shall have a combined
30 thermal transmittance value (Uo) for roof/ceiling assemblies the
19790H0080B0082 - 20 -
1 same as specified in Table 4 for heating.
2 Section 208. Air leakage.
3 (a) Application.--The requirements of this section shall
4 apply to all buildings and structures and apply only to those
5 locations separating outdoor ambient conditions from interior
6 spaces that are heated or mechanically cooled and are not
7 applicable to separation of interior spaces from each other.
8 (b) Standard.--Compliance with the criteria for air leakage
9 shall be determined by ASTM E-283, Standard Method of Test for
10 Rate of Air Leakage through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and
11 Doors, at a pressure differential of 1.567 lb/ft2 which is
12 equivalent to the effect of a 25 m.p.h. wind.
13 (c) Acceptance criteria.--The following criteria shall
14 represent the maximum allowable air leakage:
15 (1) The air infiltration rate for windows shall not
16 exceed 0.5 cfm per foot of sash crack.
17 (2) The air infiltration rate for sliding glass doors in
18 residential buildings shall not exceed 0.5 cfm per square
19 foot of door area.
20 (3) The air infiltration rate for swinging doors in
21 residential buildings shall not exceed 1.25 cfm per square
22 foot of door area.
23 (4) The air infiltration rate for swinging, revolving or
24 sliding doors in other than residential buildings shall not
25 exceed 11 cfm per lineal foot of door crack.
26 (d) Caulking and sealants.--Exterior joints around windows
27 and door frames, between wall cavities and window or door
28 frames, between wall and foundation, between wall and roof,
29 between wall panels, at penetrations or utility services through
30 walls, floors and roofs, and all other openings in the exterior
19790H0080B0082 - 21 -
1 envelope shall be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped, or
2 otherwise sealed.
3 SUBCHAPTER E
4 WARM AIR HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
5 SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
6 Section 209. General provisions.
7 This subchapter applies to air duct systems employing
8 mechanical means for the movement of air used for warm air
9 heating, ventilating, air conditioning systems, exhaust systems
10 and combination heating and air conditioning systems, except
11 that this subchapter shall not apply to systems for the removal
12 of flammable vapors or residues or to systems for conveying
13 dust, stock or refuse by means of air currents. Heating,
14 ventilating and air conditioning systems of all buildings and
15 structures or portions thereof shall be designed and installed
16 for efficient use of energy as herein provided. For special
17 applications such as hospitals, laboratories, thermally
18 sensitive equipment, computer rooms, and manufacturing
19 processes, the design concepts and parameters shall conform to
20 the requirements of the application at minimum energy levels.
21 Section 210. Design requirements.
22 In determining design conditions for calculations under this
23 section the following design temperatures shall apply:
24 (1) Outdoor design temperature shall be selected for
25 listed locations in Chapter 33 of the ASHRAE Handbook of
26 Fundamentals, from columns of 97 1/2% values for heating and
27 2 1/2% values for cooling.
28 (2) Indoor design temperature shall be 70 degrees F. for
29 heating and 78 degrees F. for cooling.
30 (3) Indoor design relative humidity for heating shall
19790H0080B0082 - 22 -
1 not exceed 30%. For cooling, the actual design relative
2 humidity within the comfort envelope as defined in ASHRAE
3 Standard 55-74 "Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human
4 Occupancy" shall be selected for the minimum total heating,
5 ventilating, and air conditioning system energy use.
6 Section 211. Cooling with outdoor air.
7 (a) Fan system design.--Each fan system shall be designed to
8 use up to and including 100% of the fan system capacity for
9 cooling with outdoor air automatically whenever its use will
10 result in lower usage of energy than would be required under its
11 normal operation.
12 (b) Exceptions.--Cooling with outdoor air is not required
13 under any one or more of the following conditions:
14 (1) Fan system capacity less than 5,000 Cfm or 134,000
15 Btu/Hr total cooling capacity.
16 (2) The quality of the outdoor air is so poor as to
17 require extensive treatment of the air.
18 (3) The need for humidification or dehumidification
19 requires the use of more energy than is conserved by outdoor
20 air cooling.
21 (4) The use of outdoor air cooling may affect the
22 operation of other systems (such as return or exhaust air
23 fans or supermarket refrigeration) so as to increase the
24 overall energy consumption of the building.
25 (5) Internal/external zone heat recovery or other energy
26 recovery is used.
27 (6) When all space cooling is accomplished by a
28 circulating liquid which transfers space heat directly or
29 indirectly to a heat rejection device such as a cooling tower
30 without the use of a refrigeration system.
19790H0080B0082 - 23 -
1 Section 212. Mechanical ventilation.
2 Each mechanical ventilation system shall be equipped with a
3 readily accessible means for either shut-off or volume reduction
4 and shut-off when ventilation is not required.
5 Section 213. Simultaneous heating and cooling.
6 Systems that employ both heating and cooling simultaneously
7 in order to achieve comfort conditions within a space shall be
8 limited to those situations where more efficient methods of
9 heating and air conditioning cannot be effectively utilized to
10 meet system objectives. Simultaneous heating and cooling by
11 reheating or recooling supply air or by concurrent operation or
12 independent heating and cooling systems serving a common zone
13 shall be restricted as specified herein.
14 Section 214. Recovered energy.
15 Recovered energy, provided the new energy expended in the
16 recovery process is less than the amount recovered, may be used
17 for control of temperature and humidity. New energy is defined
18 as energy, other than recovered, utilized for the purpose of
19 heating or cooling.
20 Section 215. New energy.
21 (a) Prevention of excess humidity.--New energy may be used,
22 when necessary, to prevent relative humidity from rising above
23 60% for comfort control or to prevent condensation on terminal
24 units or outlets.
25 (b) Control of temperature.--New energy may be used for
26 control of temperature if minimized as specified in sections 216
27 through 220.
28 Section 216. Reheat systems.
29 Systems employing reheat and serving multiple zones, other
30 than those employing variable air volume for temperature
19790H0080B0082 - 24 -
1 control, shall be provided with control that will automatically
2 reset the system cold air supply to the highest temperature
3 level that will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air.
4 Single zone reheat systems shall be controlled to sequence
5 reheat and cooling.
6 Section 217. Dual duct and multizone systems.
7 These systems shall be provided with control that will
8 automatically reset the cold deck air supply to the highest
9 temperature that will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air
10 and the hot deck air supply to the lowest temperature that will
11 satisfy the zone requiring the warmest air.
12 Section 218. Recooling systems.
13 Systems in which heated air is recooled directly or
14 indirectly, to maintain space temperature, shall be provided
15 with control that will automatically reset the temperature to
16 which the supply air is heated to the lowest level that will
17 satisfy the zone requiring the warmest air.
18 Section 219. Multiple zones.
19 For systems with multiple zones, one or more zones may be
20 chosen to represent a number of zones with similar heating or
21 cooling characteristics. A multiple zone heating, ventilating
22 and air conditioning system that employs reheating or recooling
23 for control of not more than 5,000 Cfm or 20% of the total
24 supply air of the system, whichever is less, shall be exempt
25 from the supply air temperature reset requirements of sections
26 216 through 218.
27 Section 220. Concurrent operation.
28 Concurrent operation of independent heating and cooling
29 systems serving common spaces, and requiring the use of new
30 energy for heating or cooling shall be minimized by one or both
19790H0080B0082 - 25 -
1 of the following:
2 (1) By providing sequential temperature control of both
3 heating and cooling capacity in each zone.
4 (2) By limiting the heating energy input, through
5 automatic reset control of the heating medium temperature (or
6 energy input rate), to only that necessary to offset heat
7 loss due to transmission and infiltration and, where
8 applicable, to heat the ventilation air supply to the space.
9 Section 221. Equipment performance requirements.
10 (a) Application.--The requirements of this section apply to
11 equipment and component performance for heating, ventilating and
12 air conditioning systems. Where equipment efficiency levels are
13 specified, data furnished by the equipment supplier or certified
14 under a nationally recognized certification program or rating
15 procedure shall be used to satisfy these requirements.
16 (b) Systems equipment - electrical.--Heating ventilating and
17 air conditioning systems equipment whose energy input in the
18 cooling mode is entirely electric shall show a coefficient of
19 performance (COP) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) not less
20 than the values specified in Table 6. These requirements apply
21 to, but are not limited to, unitary cooling equipment (air and
22 water source); packaged air conditioners; and room air
23 conditioners. These requirements do not apply to equipment used
24 in areas having open refrigerated food display cases. For
25 determining coefficient of performance (COP), the rate of net
26 heat removal shall be defined as the change in the total heat
27 contents of the air entering and leaving the equipment (without
28 reheat). Total energy input shall be determined by combining the
29 energy inputs to all elements of the equipment, including but
30 not limited to, compressors, pumps, supply-air fans, cooling
19790H0080B0082 - 26 -
1 tower fans and the system equipment control circuit.
2 Table 6
3 Minimum EER and COP for Electric Heating, Ventilating
4 and Air Conditioning System Equipment
5 Standard rating capacity EER COP
6 Under 65,000 Btu/hr (19,050 watts) 6.1 1.8
7 65,000 Btu/hr (19,050 watts) and over 6.8 2.0
8 (c) Other system equipment.--Heat operated cooling equipment
9 shall show a coefficient of performance (COP) in the cooling
10 mode not less than the values specified in Table 7. These
11 requirements apply to, but are not limited to, absorption,
12 engine-driven and turbine-driven equipment. The coefficient of
13 performance (COP) is determined excluding the electrical
14 auxiliary inputs.
15 Table 7
16 Minimum COP for Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
17 System Heat Operated Cooling Equipment
18 Heat source Minimum COP
19 Direct fired (gas, oil) 0.40
20 Indirect fired (steam, hot water) 0.65
21 (d) System components.--Heating, ventilating and air
22 conditioning system components whose energy input in the cooling
23 mode is entirely electric shall show a coefficient of
24 performance (COP) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) not less
25 than the values specified in Table 8. For determining
26 coefficient of performance (COP), the rate of heat removal is
27 defined as the difference in total heat contents of the water or
28 refrigerant entering or leaving the component. Total energy
29 input shall be determined by combining the energy inputs to all
30 elements and accessories of the component, including but not
19790H0080B0082 - 27 -
1 limited to, compressors, internal circulating pumps, condenser-
2 air fans, evaporative-condenser cooling heater pumps, purge, and
3 the component control circuit.
4 Table 8
5 Minimum COP for Electrically Driven Heating, Ventilating
6 and Air Conditioning System Components
7 Component Condensing means Air Water Evaporation
8 ERR COP EER COP EER COP
9 Self-contained Centrifugal 7.5 2.2 12.9 3.8
10 water chillers
11 Positive
12 displacement 7.2 2.1 10.9 3.2
13 Condenserless Positive
14 water chillers displacement 8.9 2.6 10.9 3.2
15 Compressor and
16 condenser units Positive
17 65,000 Btu/hr. displacement 7.8 2.3 11.3 3.3 11.3 3.3
18 (19,050 watts)
19 and over
20 (e) Heat pumps.--Heat pumps whose energy input is entirely
21 electric shall show a coefficient of performance (COP), heating,
22 not less than the values specified in Table 9.
23 Table 9
24 Minimum COP for Heat Pumps, Heating Mode
25 Source and outdoor temperature (degree F.) Minimum COP
26 Air source--47 DB/43 WB 2.2
27 Air source--17 DB/15 WB 1.2
28 Water source--60 entering 2.2
29 (f) Supplementary heater.--The heat pump shall be installed
30 with a control to prevent supplementary heater operation when
19790H0080B0082 - 28 -
1 the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone.
2 Supplementary heater operation is permitted during transient
3 periods, such as start-ups, following room thermostat setpoint
4 advance, and during defrost. A two-stage room thermostat, which
5 controls the supplementary heat on its second stage, shall be
6 accepted as meeting this requirement. The cut-on temperature for
7 the compression heating shall be higher than the cut-on
8 temperature for the supplementary heat, and the cut-off
9 temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than the
10 cut-off temperature for the supplementary heat. Supplementary
11 heat may be derived from any source of electric resistance
12 heating or combustion heating.
13 (g) Combustion heating equipment.--All gas and oil-fired
14 comfort heating equipment shall show a minimum combustion
15 efficiency of 75% at maximum rated output. Combustion efficiency
16 shall be determined in accordance with the ASHRAE Standard 90.
17 Section 222. Duct insulation.
18 (a) Insulation.--All duct systems, or portions thereof,
19 exposed to nonconditioned spaces shall be insulated to provide a
20 thermal resistance, excluding film resistance, of
21 ti - to
22 R = --------(hr) (sq.ft) (F)/BTU
23 15
24 where ti-to is the design temperature differential (absolute
25 value) between the air in the duct and the surrounding air with
26 the following exceptions. Duct insulation, except when needed to
27 prevent condensation, is not required in any of the following
28 cases:
29 (1) Where ti-to is 25 degrees F. or less.
30 (2) When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without
19790H0080B0082 - 29 -
1 insulation, will not increase the energy requirements of the
2 building.
3 (3) Exhaust air ducts.
4 (4) Supply or return air ducts installed in crawl spaces
5 with insulated walls, basements or cellars in one and two-
6 family dwellings.
7 (b) Vapor barriers.--Where required to prevent condensation,
8 insulation with vapor barriers shall be installed in addition to
9 insulation required above.
10 Section 223. System controls.
11 (a) Application.--All heating, ventilating and air
12 conditioning systems shall be provided controls as specified
13 herein.
14 (b) Temperature.--Each heating, ventilating and air
15 conditioning system shall be provided with at least one
16 thermostat for the regulation of temperature. Each thermostat
17 shall be capable of being set from 55 degrees F. to 75 degrees
18 F. where used to control heating only and from 70 degrees F. to
19 85 degrees F. where used to control cooling only. Where used to
20 control both heating and cooling it shall be capable of being
21 set from 55 degrees F. to 85 degrees F. and shall be capable of
22 operating the system heating and cooling in sequence. It shall
23 be adjustable to provide a temperature range of up to 10 degrees
24 F. between full heating and full cooling, except as allowed in
25 section 220.
26 (c) Humidity.--If a heating, ventilating and air
27 conditioning system is equipped with a means for adding moisture
28 to maintain specific selected relative humidities in spaces or
29 zones, a humidistat shall be provided. This device shall be
30 capable of being set to prevent new energy from being used to
19790H0080B0082 - 30 -
1 produce space relative humidity above 30% R.H. Where a
2 humidistat is used in a heating, ventilating and air
3 conditioning system for controlling moisture removal to maintain
4 specific selected relative humidities in spaces or zones, it
5 shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy from being
6 used to produce a space relative humidity below 60%.
7 (d) Temperature zoning.--
8 (1) In all buildings and structures of use group R-3, at
9 least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature
10 shall be provided for each separate heating, ventilating and
11 air conditioning system. In addition, a readily accessible
12 manual or automatic means shall be provided to partially
13 restrict or shut-off the heating or cooling input to each
14 zone or floor, excluding unheated or uncooled basements and
15 garages.
16 (2) In all buildings and structures of use group R-2,
17 each individual dwelling unit shall be considered separately
18 and shall meet the requirements for one and two-family
19 dwellings above.
20 (3) In all buildings and structures other than use group
21 R-3 and in spaces other than dwelling units in use group R-2,
22 at least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature
23 shall be provided for each separate heating, ventilating and
24 air conditioning system and for each floor of the building.
25 (e) Set-back and shut-off.--
26 (1) In all buildings and structures, or portions thereof
27 of use group R-3, the thermostat, or an alternate means such
28 as a switch or a clock, shall provide a readily accessible,
29 manual or automatic means for reducing the energy required
30 for heating and cooling during periods of nonuse or reduced
19790H0080B0082 - 31 -
1 need.
2 (2) In all other buildings and structures, or portions
3 thereof each heating, ventilating and air conditioning system
4 shall be equipped with a readily accessible means of reducing
5 the energy used for heating, ventilating and air conditioning
6 during periods of nonuse or alternate uses of the building
7 spaces or zones served by the system, such as with manually
8 adjustable automatic timing devices, manual devices for use
9 by operating personnel, or automatic control systems.
10 (3) Lowering thermostat set points to reduce energy
11 consumption of heating systems shall not cause energy to be
12 expended to reach the reduced setting.
13 Section 224. Steam and hot water heating piping.
14 (a) Piping insulation.--All piping serving as part of a
15 heating or cooling system installed to serve buildings and
16 within buildings shall be thermally insulated as shown in Table
17 10.
18 Table 10
19 Minimum Pipe Insulation
20 Insulation thickness in inches
21 Fluid for pipe sizes
22 Piping temperature
23 system range, Runouts 1" and 1 1/4- 2 1/2- 5& 8" and
24 types F. up to 2" less 2 4 6 larger
25 Heating systems
26 Steam &
27 hot water
28 High pressure/
29 temp 306-450 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 1/2 3 1/2
30 Med. pressure/
19790H0080B0082 - 32 -
1 temp 251-305 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3
2 Low pressure/
3 temp 201-250 1 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 2
4 Low tem-
5 perature 120-200 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 1 1/2
6 Steam con-
7 densate Any 1 1 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 2
8 (for feed
9 water)
10 Cooling systems
11 Chilled
12 water, 40-55 1/2 1/2 3/4 1 1 1
13 Refrigerant,
14 or brine Below 40 1 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2
15 Insulation thicknesses are based on insulation having thermal
16 resistances in the range of 4.0 to 4.6 per inch of thickness on
17 a flat surface at a mean temperature of 75 degrees F. Minimum
18 insulation thickness shall be increased for materials having R
19 values less than 4.0 or may be reduced for materials having R
20 values greater than 4.6 per inch of thickness as follows:
21 (b) High thermal resistance.--For materials with thermal
22 resistance greater than R=4.6, the minimum insulation thickness
23 may be reduced as follows:
24 4.6 x Table 10 Thickness = New Minimum Thickness
25 Actual R
26 (c) Low thermal resistance.--For materials with thermal
27 resistance less than R=4.0 the minimum insulation thickness
28 shall be increased as follows:
29 4.0 x Table 10 Thickness = New Minimum Thickness
30 Actual R
19790H0080B0082 - 33 -
1 Piping insulation, except when needed to prevent condensation,
2 is not required in any of the following cases:
3 (1) Piping installed within heating, ventilating and air
4 conditioning equipment.
5 (2) Piping at temperatures between 55 degrees F. and 120
6 degrees F.
7 (3) When the heat loss or heat gain of the piping,
8 without insulation, does not increase the energy requirements
9 of the building.
10 (4) Piping installed in basements or cellars in one and
11 two-family dwellings.
12 (d) Vapor barriers.--Where required to prevent condensation,
13 insulation with vapor barriers shall be installed in addition to
14 insulation required above.
15 SUBCHAPTER F
16 PLUMBING SYSTEMS
17 Section 225. Purpose.
18 This subchapter sets forth provisions for design and
19 equipment selection for energy conservation in service water
20 heating systems.
21 Section 226. Fixtures.
22 (a) Lavatories.--Lavatories in restrooms of public
23 facilities shall be equipped with self-closing outlet devices
24 which limit the flow of hot water to a maximum of 0.5 Gpm,
25 devices which limit the outlet temperature to a maximum of 110
26 degrees F. and self-closing valves which limit the quantity of
27 hot water to a maximum of 0.25 gallon.
28 (b) Showers.--Showers used for other than safety reasons
29 shall be equipped with flow control devices to limit total flow
30 to a maximum of 3 Gpm per shower head.
19790H0080B0082 - 34 -
1 Section 227. Insulation.
2 (a) Piping insulation.--Piping in required return
3 circulation systems shall be insulated so that heat loss is
4 limited to a maximum of 25 Btuh per square foot of external pipe
5 surface for above ground piping and a maximum of 35 Btuh per
6 square foot of external pipe surface for underground piping.
7 Maximum heat loss shall be determined at a temperature
8 differential equal to the maximum water temperature minus a
9 design ambient temperature no higher than 65 degrees F. except
10 that conformance with table 10 for "low temperature piping
11 system" shall be deemed as complying with this section.
12 (b) Tanks.--Unfired hot water storage tanks shall be
13 insulated so that heat loss is limited to a maximum of 15 Btuh
14 per square foot of external tank surface area. For purposes of
15 determining this heat loss, the design ambient temperature shall
16 be no higher than 65 degrees F.
17 Section 228. Equipment.
18 (a) Pump operation.--Circulating hot water systems shall be
19 arranged so that the circulating pump can be conveniently turned
20 off either automatically or manually when the hot water system
21 is not in operation.
22 (b) Electric water heaters.--All automatic electric storage
23 water heaters shall have a stand-by loss not exceeding 4 watts
24 per square foot of tank surface area. The method of test of
25 stand-by loss shall be as described in section 4.3.1 of ANSI
26 C72.1 Household Automatic Electrical Storage-Type Water Heaters.
27 (c) Gas and oil-fired water heaters.--All gas and oil-fired
28 automatic storage heaters shall have a recovery efficiency, ER,
29 not less than 75% and a stand-by loss percentage S, not
30 exceeding S=2.3+67/V where V=rated volume in gallons. The method
19790H0080B0082 - 35 -
1 of test of ER and S shall be as described in section 2.7 of ANSI
2 Z21.10.3 Circulating Tank, Instantaneous and Large Automatic
3 Storage Type Water Heaters, Approval Requirements for Gas Water
4 Heaters.
5 Section 229. Controls.
6 (a) Temperature controls.--All hot water supply systems
7 shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable of
8 adjustments from the lowest to the highest acceptable
9 temperature settings for the intended use.
10 (b) Shut down.--A separate switch shall be provided to
11 terminate the energy supplied to electric hot water supply
12 systems. A separate valve shall be provided to turn off the
13 energy supplied to the main burner of all other types of hot
14 water supply systems.
15 SUBCHAPTER G
16 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
17 Section 230. System requirements.
18 (a) Power factor.--The power factor of the overall
19 electrical distribution system in a building shall be not less
20 than 90% under rated design installed load of the building,
21 either by utilization equipment design or by the use of power
22 factor corrective devices. The power factor corrective devices
23 may be installed on individual equipment, rated greater than
24 1,000 watts and switched therewith, regionally grouped, located
25 at the service equipment or power factor correction achieved by
26 other equivalent means. The choice among these corrective
27 methods should be made based upon an engineering evaluation of
28 each distribution system.
29 (b) Service voltage.--Where a choice of service voltage is
30 available, the voltage resulting in the least energy loss shall
19790H0080B0082 - 36 -
1 be used.
2 (c) Voltage drop.--In any building, the maximum total
3 voltage drop shall not exceed 3% in branch circuits or feeders,
4 for a total of 5% to the farthest outlet based on steady state
5 design load conditions.
6 (d) Lighting switching.--Switching shall be provided for
7 each lighting circuit, or for portions of each circuit, so that
8 the partial lighting required for custodial or for effective
9 complementary use with natural lighting may be operated
10 selectively.
11 (e) Separate metering.--In all multi-family dwellings
12 provisions shall be made to determine the electrical energy
13 consumed by each tenant.
14 SUBCHAPTER H
15 LIGHTING
16 Section 231. Lighting power budget.
17 A lighting power budget is the upper limit of the power to be
18 available to provide the lighting needs in accordance with a
19 given set of criteria and given calculation procedure.
20 Section 232. Calculation methods.
21 The criteria specified below shall be utilized for
22 computation of the lighting power budget. All calculations shall
23 be in accordance with accepted engineering practice. When
24 insufficient information is known about the specific use of the
25 building space (e.g., number of occupants, space function,
26 location of partitions), the budget shall be based on the
27 apparent intended use of the building space.
28 Section 233. Building interiors.
29 (a) Procedure.--The allowable electric power for lighting
30 shall be established by using the criteria and the calculation
19790H0080B0082 - 37 -
1 procedures specified in section 236. The value shall be based on
2 the use for which the space within the building is intended and
3 on efficient energy utilization.
4 (b) Illumination level criteria.--For the purpose of
5 establishing a budget, levels of illumination shall be those
6 listed in fig. 9-80 of the IES Lighting Handbook, and those
7 levels shall be used as follows:
8 (1) For task lighting, the levels of illumination listed
9 are for specific tasks. These levels are for the task areas
10 defined in the IES Lighting Handbook or, where not defined,
11 at all usable portions of task surfaces. In some cases, the
12 levels of illumination are listed for locations (e.g.,
13 auditoriums). These levels are to be considered as average
14 levels.
15 (2) For general lighting, in areas surrounding task
16 locations, the average level of general lighting, for budget
17 purposes only, shall be one-third the level for the tasks
18 performed in the area but in no case less than 20-foot
19 candles. Where more than one task level occurs in a space,
20 the general level shall be one-third the weighted average of
21 the specific task levels.
22 (3) For noncritical lighting, in circulation and seating
23 areas, where no specific visual tasks occur, the average
24 level of illumination shall be one-third of the average
25 general lighting in the adjacent task spaces but in no case
26 less than ten-foot candles.
27 (4) For the purpose of establishing a power budget, only
28 lamp efficacies and coefficients of utilization (CU)
29 specified in Table 11, shall be assumed.
30 Section 234. Building exteriors.
19790H0080B0082 - 38 -
1 (a) Basis on use.--In exterior spaces, the lighting power
2 budget shall be based on the use of which the space is intended
3 (for task performance, safety, or security) and on efficient
4 energy utilization.
5 (b) Criteria.--The same criteria as those for interior
6 spaces apply for illumination levels and lighting systems with
7 the addition of luminaires for flood lighting. For power budget
8 purposes floodlighting shall be selected with luminaires having
9 a greater percentage of their beam lumens restricted to the area
10 to be lighted. Such luminaires are defined as those with at
11 least the minimum efficiencies listed in the IES Lighting
12 Handbook.
13 (c) Facade lighting.--Facade lighting for budget purposes
14 shall be no greater than 2% of the total interior load of the
15 building.
16 (d) Calculation procedure.--In establishing a lighting power
17 budget the following procedures shall be used:
18 (1) For overhead lighting the procedure specified in
19 section 236 shall be followed, but using reflectances as
20 found.
21 (2) For flood lighting the beam lumen method, as shown
22 in the IES Lighting Handbook and a coefficient of beam
23 utilization (CBU) of 0.75 shall be used for floodlighting
24 calculations.
25 Section 235. Exceptions to criteria.
26 (a) Interiors.--The criteria of section 233 shall not apply
27 to the following areas when calculating the load:
28 (1) Portions of residential occupancies except for
29 kitchens, bathrooms, and laundry areas and public spaces
30 including lobbies, halls, stairways, basement areas, and
19790H0080B0082 - 39 -
1 utility rooms.
2 (2) Residential type spaces similar to those stated in
3 paragraph (1) in institutions, such as hospitals, hotels,
4 funeral homes, churches, museums, etc.
5 (3) Theater auditoriums, entertainment and audiovisual
6 presentations where the lighting is an essential technical
7 element for the function performed.
8 (b) Exteriors.--The criteria of section 234 shall not apply
9 to the following lamps and luminaires; however, their use shall
10 be accounted for in the calculation of task lighting loads for
11 specific tasks. The allowable load shall be based on the
12 luminary wattage to achieve the levels of illumination as
13 covered in section 233 using a point calculation method given in
14 the IES Lighting Handbook. The excepted lamps and luminaires are
15 as follows:
16 (1) Luminaires for medical and dental purposes.
17 (2) Luminaires for highlighting applications, such as
18 sculpture exhibits, art exhibits, and individual items of
19 display merchandise.
20 (3) Luminaires for specialized lighting applications
21 (color matching, where electrical interference cannot be
22 tolerated, etc.).
23 (c) Control of reflectances.--The criteria of Table 11 shall
24 not apply in spaces where it is impractical to control
25 reflectances and where a dirty atmosphere cannot be avoided.
26 Where this condition exists, the values for reflectances and
27 light loss factors shall be those expected to be found and shall
28 be approved by the department. The calculation shall make a note
29 of this deviation.
30 Section 236. Calculation procedure.
19790H0080B0082 - 40 -
1 (a) Illumination levels and areas.--To establish
2 illumination levels and areas, the following procedure shall be
3 used:
4 (1) Determine the visual tasks that are expected to be
5 performed in each space and the number of planned work
6 locations where tasks will be performed. If assumptions are
7 made, their bases shall be indicated.
8 (2) Select the illumination level, in foot-candles for
9 those expected tasks in accordance with section 233(b)(1).
10 (3) Calculate total task areas to be illuminated to the
11 same level by multiplying the number of work locations by 50
12 square feet per work location. (Total task areas shall not
13 exceed actual total space area). If actual task area is
14 greater than 50 square feet the actual area shall be used. If
15 special task lighting or localized lighting is to be
16 employed, use the actual task areas and point calculation
17 procedures.
18 (4) Calculate the level of general lighting by
19 multiplying the task lighting level by one-third, where there
20 is only one task level, or by taking one-third of the sum of
21 the products of the task levels as provided for in paragraph
22 (2) and their areas as provided for in paragraph (3) divided
23 by the total task areas.
24 (5) Calculate the level of noncritical lighting.
25 (b) Lighting system data.--To establish lighting system
26 data, the following shall be used:
27 (1) Light source and luminaire types to use.
28 (2) Lamp lumens per watt and luminaire coefficients of
29 utilization for room and luminaire mounting height
30 dimensions. Luminaire CUs shall be selected from the IES
19790H0080B0082 - 41 -
1 Lighting Handbook. In all cases, no luminaire shall have a CU
2 for RCR = 1 of less than that given in Table 11 lamp
3 efficacies for the appropriate space.
4 (c) Allowable wattage.--To establish allowable wattage, the
5 following shall be used:
6 (1) Using data from subsection (b), the illumination
7 levels and areas determined in subsection (a), and the
8 criteria of Table 11 on Reflectance, calculate the allowable
9 wattages using the lumen method.
10 (2) Calculate the total space wattage by adding the
11 task, general and noncritical lighting loads.
12 (3) Add the wattage of luminaires allowed in section
13 235(b).
14 Table 11
15 (a) Lamp efficacies.--The following are initial lumen output
16 per watt input, including ballast losses:
17 Application Lumens
18 per Watt
19 Where moderate color rendition is appropriate 55
20 Where good color rendition is appropriate 40
21 Where high color rendition is appropriate,
22 spaces are less than 50 square feet or where
23 use of low wattage High Intensity Discharge
24 (HID) lamps under 250 W or fluorescent
25 lamps under 40 W is appropriate 25
26 (b) Luminary coefficients of utilization (CU).--Coefficients
27 of utilization (CUs) are to be for luminaires for use in the
28 types of spaces listed below, and those luminaires shall have a
29 CU of no less than that listed below (for each type space) for a
30 Room Cavity Ratio (RCR) of 1 and reflectances as in (c).
19790H0080B0082 - 42 -
1 Space Use Minimum CU
2 (at RCR = 1)
3 For spaces with tasks subjected to veiling
4 reflections where design levels of
5 illumination are listed in terms of
6 equivalent sphere illumination (ESI) and
7 where visual comfort is important. 0.55
8 For spaces without tasks, or with tasks
9 not subjected to veiling reflections, but
10 where visual comfort is important. 0.63
11 For spaces without tasks and where visual
12 comfort is not a criterion 0.70
13 (c) Other criteria; reflectances.--For interior spaces, the
14 following initial cavity and surface reflectances shall be
15 assumed:
16 Ceiling cavity reflectance 80%
17 Wall reflectance 50%
18 Floor cavity reflectance 20%
19 Light Loss Factor. A light loss factor (LLF) of 0.70 shall be
20 used.
21 SUBCHAPTER I
22 ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS
23 Section 237. Performance alternative.
24 Alternative building systems and equipment design may be
25 approved by the department when they can be shown to have energy
26 consumption not greater than that of a similar building with
27 similar forms of energy requirements, designed in accordance
28 with the provisions of this act or when they can be shown to
29 have energy consumption not greater than that which shall be
30 established by the department with the approval of the Building
19790H0080B0082 - 43 -
1 Energy Conservation Committee, for the purposes of this section:
2 Provided, however, That for all buildings classified as Use
3 Group R-3 alternate building systems and equipment design which
4 satisfy the criteria of this section shall not require the
5 approval of the department but the use of such an alternate
6 building system or equipment design shall be indicated in the
7 warranty provided in section 306.
8 Section 238. Nondepletable sources.
9 When such alternative systems utilize solar, geothermal, wind
10 or other nondepletable energy sources for all or part of their
11 energy sources, such nondepletable energy supplied to the
12 building shall be excluded from the total energy chargeable to
13 the proposed alternative design.
14 Section 239. Documentation.
15 Proposed alternative designs, submitted to the department as
16 requests for exception to the standard design criteria, must be
17 accompanied by an energy analysis prepared in accordance with
18 the ASHRAE Standard 90-75.
19 SUBCHAPTER J
20 USE GROUP R-3 PRESCRIPTIVE STANDARDS
21 Section 240. Minimum insulation requirements for Use Group R-3.
22 Use Group R-3 buildings shall be constructed utilizing the
23 following minimum insulation standards:
24 Ceilings R - 19
25 Exterior Walls R - 13
26 Floors Over Unheated Basements
27 and Crawl Spaces * R - 11
28 * Basements containing a furnace
29 and/or hot water heater may be
30 considered heated
19790H0080B0082 - 44 -
1 Edge Insulation for:
2 Heated Slabs R - 6.3
3 Unheated Slabs R - 4.2
4 Windows Multiglazing
5 Entrance Doors R - 2.5
6 Sliding Glass Doors (if applicable) Multiglazing
7 Ducts in Unheated Areas R - 3
8 CHAPTER 3
9 APPLICATION OF STANDARDS: ESTABLISHMENT
10 OF COMMITTEE AND PENALTIES
11 Section 301. Modification of standards; criteria.
12 The department, with the approval of the Building Energy
13 Conservation Committee established pursuant to section 304,
14 after one or more public hearings, may recommend to the General
15 Assembly modifications to the energy conservation standards
16 contained in Chapter 2 hereof. Any recommended modification to
17 the energy conservation standards shall meet the following
18 criteria:
19 (1) It shall be consistent with the latest and most
20 effective technology.
21 (2) It shall not be in conflict with existing safeguards
22 for public health and safety.
23 (3) It shall be economically feasible as determined by
24 life-cycle-cost procedures.
25 (4) It shall be sufficiently stringent to effect a
26 significant savings of energy resources.
27 (5) It shall be a performance standard for the design of
28 buildings and systems within buildings to assure maximum
29 practical conservation of energy.
30 (6) Consideration shall be given to building and energy
19790H0080B0082 - 45 -
1 standards promulgated by national and other state
2 governmental agencies, private organizations and any other
3 available energy data, as well as the total energy allocation
4 approach.
5 Section 302. Application of energy conservation standards.
6 The energy conservation standards contained herein or as
7 promulgated by the department with the approval of the Building
8 Energy Conservation Committee shall apply to new buildings or to
9 renovations on which actual construction and/or design has not
10 commenced prior to their effective dates. No department, board,
11 agency or commission other than as provided herein, shall
12 promulgate or adopt any rules or regulations which deal with any
13 subject matter contained in this act.
14 Section 303. Energy conservation manual for buildings.
15 (a) Production of manual.--Concurrent with the adoption of
16 the energy conservation codes required by this act, the
17 department shall produce an energy conservation manual for use
18 by designers, builders, contractors of residential and
19 nonresidential buildings, and municipalities of the
20 Commonwealth. This manual shall contain the established
21 standards and accepted practices. The manual shall further
22 contain prescriptive standards which, if complied with, will
23 result in conformance with the performance standards contained
24 herein or as promulgated by the department and shall be written
25 in such manner as to be easily understood by persons possessing
26 a minimal technical background. The manual shall be furnished
27 upon request to members of the public at a price sufficient to
28 cover the cost of printing.
29 (b) Review of manual.--The manual shall be reviewed by the
30 department and the Building Energy Conservation Committee at
19790H0080B0082 - 46 -
1 least annually and shall be updated as significant new energy
2 conservation information becomes available.
3 (c) Educational programs.--The department shall provide
4 seminars and other educational programs throughout the
5 Commonwealth to provide information and counseling to builders,
6 architects, other licensed design professionals, local building
7 officials and other persons affected by this act on the
8 standards contained herein or as promulgated by the department.
9 Section 304. Building Energy Conservation Committee.
10 (a) Composition of committee.--In order to further the
11 coordinated and effective administration of this act, there is
12 hereby established a Building Energy Conservation Committee. It
13 shall consist of at least 30 members and no more than 40
14 members, the membership of which shall be appointed by the
15 Governor and shall include a representative of each of the
16 following entities or their successors:
17 (1) Department of Education.
18 (2) Governor's Energy Council.
19 (3) Department of General Services.
20 (4) Department of Labor and Industry.
21 (5) Department of Community Affairs.
22 (6) Pennsylvania Builders Association.
23 (7) Pennsylvania Associated Builders and Contractors,
24 Inc.
25 (8) Pennsylvania Building Officials Conference.
26 (9) Mechanical Contractors Association of America.
27 (10) Pennsylvania Chamber of Commerce.
28 (11) General Contractors Association of Pennsylvania.
29 (12) Pennsylvania Society of Architects.
30 (13) Pennsylvania Society of Professional Engineers.
19790H0080B0082 - 47 -
1 (14) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
2 Conditioning Engineers, Inc..
3 (15) Pennsylvania Gas Association.
4 (16) Pennsylvania Electric Association.
5 (17) Industrialized Housing Manufacturers Association.
6 (18) Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association.
7 (19) Pennsylvania Building Trades Council.
8 (20) Consulting Engineers Council of Pennsylvania.
9 (21) Pennsylvania League of Cities.
10 (22) Pennsylvania State Association of Boroughs.
11 (23) Pennsylvania State Association of Township
12 Commissioners.
13 (24) Pennsylvania State Association of Township
14 Supervisors.
15 (25) Public Utility Commission.
16 (26) National Association of Industrial and Office
17 Parks.
18 (27) Pennsylvania Utilities, Railroad and Area
19 Development Association.
20 (28) Representatives of such other agencies and
21 organizations or individuals as the Governor may find are
22 necessary and proper to carry out the purposes of the
23 committee including, but not limited to, labor organizations,
24 financial and lending institutions, and consumer groups.
25 (b) Powers and duties.--In addition to the powers and duties
26 enumerated in this act, the Building Energy Conservation
27 Committee shall:
28 (1) Be responsible for the regular exchange of
29 information and plans regarding building energy conservation,
30 for the development, review and approval of proposed and
19790H0080B0082 - 48 -
1 existing standards, guidelines, regulations, and manuals.
2 (2) Elect from its members a Board on Variances.
3 (c) Expenses.--The members of the committee shall not
4 receive any compensation for their services but shall be
5 reimbursed for their actual and necessary expenses incurred in
6 the performance of their duties. Provided, however, when acting
7 on matters concerning variances members of the Board on
8 Variances shall receive $50 per day plus their actual and
9 necessary expenses.
10 Section 305. Certification.
11 (a) Applicability.--The provisions of this section shall
12 apply to all buildings subject to this act except those
13 classified as Use Group R-3.
14 (b) Compliance with act.--It shall be the duty of the
15 licensed design professional retained in connection with the
16 design or construction of a building to certify the drawings,
17 specifications and other data showing compliance with the
18 provisions of this act, except as provided in subsection (e). If
19 the building is subject to the provisions of the act of April
20 27, 1927 (P.L.465, No.299), referred to as the Fire and Panic
21 Act, the certification required hereunder shall be submitted on
22 a form with the application for plan approval under the said
23 Fire and Panic Act.
24 (c) Inspection.--Each licensed design professional retained
25 by the owner or his designee, where any of such are retained
26 during the construction of a building, shall make periodic
27 inspections of the building progression to insure compliance
28 with this act, except as provided in subsection (e).
29 (d) Final certification.--Each licensed design professional
30 retained by the owner shall make a final certification of every
19790H0080B0082 - 49 -
1 completed building showing compliance with the provisions of
2 this act, except as provided in subsection (e).
3 (e) Certification by builder.--If a licensed design
4 professional is not retained in connection with the design and
5 construction of a building, it shall be the responsibility of
6 the builder or owner, if he is the builder, to perform the
7 inspections and certification required by this section.
8 Section 306. Use Group R-3; notice; warranty.
9 (a) Notice.--Prior to construction of any building
10 classified as Use Group R-3, the builder shall notify the
11 department by certified mail of his intent to begin
12 construction. Such notice shall contain the name of the owner of
13 the building and its location.
14 (b) Warranty.--At the time a contract for the construction
15 of any building classified as Use Group R-3 is entered into, the
16 builder shall warrant to the owner in writing that the building
17 shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of this
18 act. Such warranty shall be a document separate from the
19 contract and shall be in the following form:
20 I, (Builder) , hereby warrant to (Owner) that the
21 premises known as (Description)
22 shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of the
23 Act of __________, 19__, No.____, known as the "Building Energy
24 Conservation Act." This law provides building and equipment
25 standards to make your home energy efficient and also provides
26 you with legal remedies if your home is not built according to
27 the State standards. If you would like the State to do an
28 energy audit of your home to determine if it conforms to State
29 standards, you may call the Pennsylvania Department of
30 Community Affairs at (Telephone) , and they will perform an
19790H0080B0082 - 50 -
1 inspection of your home for a fee of $25.
2 Indicate if alternate building system or equipment design is
3 being employed.
4 (c) If the builder is also the owner of the building at the
5 time of construction, he shall provide the warranty required by
6 subsection (b) at the time of its initial sale to a new owner.
7 Such warranty shall be in substantially the same form as
8 provided in subsection (b).
9 (d) Failure to provide notice.--The Department of Community
10 Affairs, after hearing, may assess a civil penalty payable to
11 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania not to exceed $100 upon any
12 builder who fails to give the notice required by subsection (a).
13 In determining the amount of the civil penalty, the Department
14 of Community Affairs shall consider the willfulness of the
15 violation and the cost incurred by the department in discovering
16 the violation.
17 (e) Failure to provide warranty.--Whenever a builder fails
18 to provide the warranty required by subsections (b) or (c) such
19 required warranty shall constitute an implied warranty and the
20 owner's right to proceed under section 315(a) shall not be
21 affected. If it is established by a preponderance of the
22 evidence that the builder's failure to provide the warranty was
23 willful, then damages in twice the amount provided in section
24 315 may be awarded.
25 Section 307. Variances.
26 (a) Requests.--Any request for a variance from the energy
27 conservation standards contained herein shall be made to the
28 Board on Variances of the Building Energy Conservation Committee
29 and a decision on such request shall be made within 30 days of
30 its filing.
19790H0080B0082 - 51 -
1 (b) Criteria.--A variance shall be granted only if it is
2 found that:
3 (1) compliance with the provisions of this act would
4 result in extreme hardship to the owner; and
5 (2) the granting of such variance would not result in a
6 significant increase in the energy usage of the building.
7 Section 308. Building permits.
8 Any building permit issued by the Commonwealth or any of its
9 political subdivisions shall have printed upon its face notice
10 that the provisions of this act must be complied with.
11 Section 309. Permits for use or occupancy.
12 Before any building or structure hereafter constructed, other
13 than a building classified as Use Group R-3, shall be used or
14 opened for occupancy, the owner thereof shall notify the
15 department of the completion of the building for the purposes of
16 this act and submit the necessary certification therewith:
17 Provided, however, That if a municipality elects to administer
18 the provisions of this act under Chapter 5 such notice and
19 certification shall be submitted to the municipality which shall
20 forward a copy of the notice to the department. No permit for
21 use or occupancy shall be granted until such submission has been
22 made. No building official of the Commonwealth or any of its
23 political subdivisions shall issue a permit until he has
24 received proof of such compliance. Where the certificate has
25 been submitted to the department, presentation to the building
26 official of the mailing receipt together with a copy of the
27 certification required by section 305 shall establish proof of
28 compliance for the purposes of this section. Upon such
29 presentation any building official of the Commonwealth or any of
30 its political subdivisions shall issue a permit for use or
19790H0080B0082 - 52 -
1 occupancy, provided all other criteria for such a permit have
2 been satisfied and said building official shall notify the
3 department that he has issued the same.
4 Section 310. Failure to submit certification.
5 Whenever the owner of any building, other than a building
6 classified as Use Group R-3, shall fail to give the notice and
7 submit the necessary certification in accordance with section
8 309 and shall nevertheless proceed with the use or occupancy of
9 the building, the department or the municipality shall serve
10 notice on the said owner that he is in violation of this act and
11 order him to comply therewith.
12 Section 311. Inspections.
13 The department may perform a nondestructive inspection within
14 two years of the date of completion of construction of any
15 building constructed after the effective date of this act to
16 determine compliance with the provisions of this act, provided
17 at least 30 days notice has been given to the owner. The
18 department may also perform such inspections at the request of
19 the owner of any building subject to this act for a fee of $25.
20 Section 312. Appeals.
21 Review of any decisions rendered under the provisions of this
22 act shall be brought in the court of common pleas of the county
23 wherein the building is situated. Such review shall be limited
24 to determining whether any such decision was arbitrary and
25 capricious.
26 Section 313. Penalties.
27 (a) Applicability.--The provisions of this section shall
28 apply to all buildings subject to this act except those
29 classified as Use Group R-3.
30 (b) Violations of act.--Any person who shall willfully or
19790H0080B0082 - 53 -
1 negligently violate any of the provisions of this act, or the
2 rules and regulations or the orders for the enforcement of the
3 said provisions or rules and regulations issued by duly
4 authorized officers of the department or who shall hinder, delay
5 or interfere with any officer charged with the enforcement of
6 this act in the performance of his duty, shall, upon conviction
7 thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $300 and costs.
8 In the event of violation of more than one provision of this
9 act, the violation of each provision shall be deemed a separate
10 and distinct offense for the purposes of this section.
11 (c) Institution of proceedings.--Prosecutions for violations
12 of this act or the rules and regulations of the department may
13 be instituted by the Secretary of Labor and Industry or under
14 his directions by an authorized representative of the
15 department. Upon conviction after a hearing in a court of
16 competent jurisdiction, the sentences provided in this act shall
17 be imposed and shall be final unless an appeal be taken in the
18 manner prescribed by law.
19 (d) Disposition of fines.--All fines collected under this
20 act shall be forwarded to the department who shall pay the same
21 into the State Treasury for the use of the Commonwealth.
22 (e) False certification.--Any architect or other licensed
23 design professional who willfully provides a false certification
24 for any building subject to the provisions of this act shall be
25 subject to the suspension or revocation of his license by the
26 State Board of Examiners of Architects or other applicable State
27 licensing board.
28 Section 314. Enforcement.
29 (a) Applicability.--The provisions of this act shall apply
30 to every building enumerated in this act, including buildings
19790H0080B0082 - 54 -
1 owned in whole or in part by the Commonwealth or any political
2 subdivision thereof, and for all buildings, other than those
3 classified as Use Group R-3 shall be enforced by the Secretary
4 of Labor and Industry, by and through his authorized
5 representatives.
6 (b) Powers of officers.--For the purpose of enforcing the
7 provisions of this act, all the officers charged with its
8 enforcement shall have the power to enter any of the buildings
9 enumerated in this act, and no person shall hinder or delay, or
10 interfere with any of the said officers in the performance of
11 his duty, nor refuse any pertinent information necessary to
12 determine whether the provisions of this act and the rules and
13 regulations herein provided for, are or will be complied with.
14 Section 315. Civil action.
15 (a) Use Group R-3.--The owner of any building subject to the
16 requirements of section 306 who is aggrieved as the result of
17 such building not being properly designed or constructed in
18 conformance with this act shall have a right of action for
19 breach of warranty. Remedies may include specific performance or
20 an award of damages in an amount not less than $300. Attorney's
21 fees shall be recoverable in any action in which the owner
22 prevails. Any such award shall further provide for payment of
23 the actual costs in excess of $25 incurred by the department if
24 it inspected the building for the owner and the owner shall
25 remit such amount to the department.
26 (b) Other buildings.--The owner of any building, other than
27 a building classified as Use Group R-3, at the time of its
28 design or construction under the provisions of this act who is
29 aggrieved as the result of such building not being properly
30 designed or constructed in conformance with this act shall have
19790H0080B0082 - 55 -
1 a right of action against any person who is required to submit
2 the certificate required by section 305.
3 (c) Limitation of action.--No action brought under this
4 section shall be maintained unless brought within three years
5 from the date of completion of the building.
6 CHAPTER 4
7 ADOPTION OF FUTURE STANDARDS
8 Section 401. Adoption and promulgation of standards.
9 The department, with the approval of the Building Energy
10 Conservation Committee, shall, after one or more public
11 hearings, adopt and publish energy conservation standards for
12 all buildings covered by this act in accordance with the
13 provisions of the act of July 31, 1968 (P.L.769, No.240), known
14 as the "Commonwealth Documents Law." The purpose of such
15 standards is to reduce wasteful or uneconomic consumption of
16 energy by balancing the cost of energy procurement against the
17 cost of energy-conserving building practices. The energy
18 conservation standards shall meet the following criteria:
19 (1) They shall be consistent with the latest and most
20 effective technology.
21 (2) They shall not be in conflict with existing
22 safeguards for public health and safety.
23 (3) They shall be economically feasible as determined by
24 life-cycle-cost procedures.
25 (4) They shall be sufficiently stringent to effect a
26 significant savings of energy resources.
27 (5) They shall be a performance standard for the design
28 of buildings and systems within buildings to assure maximum
29 practical conservation of energy.
30 (6) Consideration shall be given to building and energy
19790H0080B0082 - 56 -
1 standards promulgated by national and other State
2 governmental agencies, private organizations and any other
3 available energy data, as well as the total energy allocation
4 approach.
5 CHAPTER 5
6 LOCAL ELECTION
7 Section 501. Election; Use Group R-3.
8 Any municipality of this Commonwealth may elect to administer
9 the provisions of this act relating to Use Group R-3 buildings,
10 as defined in section 103, except for units subject to the act
11 of May 11, 1972 (P.L.286, No.70), known as the "Industrialized
12 Housing Act" and the act of May 11, 1972 (P.L.281, No.69), known
13 as the "Uniform Standards Code for Mobile Homes." Such election
14 shall be made by resolution of the governing body of such
15 municipality which shall be in substantially the following form:
16 The (city, borough, town, or township) of____________________
17 hereby elects to administer the provisions of the act
18 of____________, 1978, No._______ known as the "Building Energy
19 Conservation Act" for Use Group R-3 buildings as defined
20 therein.
21 Section 502. Election; cities of the first, second and second
22 class A.
23 Any city of the first class, second class and second class A
24 may elect to administer the provisions of this act for all
25 buildings subject hereto, except for units subject to the act of
26 May 11, 1972 (P.L.286, No.70), known as the "Industrialized
27 Housing Act" and the act of May 11, 1972 (P.L.281, No.69), known
28 as the "Uniform Standards Code for Mobile Homes." Such election
29 shall be made by resolution of the governing body of such city
30 which shall be in substantially the following form:
19790H0080B0082 - 57 -
1 The city of________________hereby elects to administer the
2 provisions of the act of _________, 1978, No._______ known as
3 the "Building Energy Conservation Act."
4 Section 503. Powers of municipalities.
5 Any municipality electing to administer the provisions of
6 this act under section 501 or 502 shall exercise the same powers
7 conferred upon the department by this act, including the power
8 to institute proceedings for violations of the act, with the
9 exception of those powers specified in sections 301, 303 and in
10 Chapter 4. In addition, any such municipality may exercise such
11 other administrative and enforcement procedures as it shall deem
12 necessary to effect the purposes of this act including, but not
13 limited to, prior plan approval, building permit requirements,
14 use or occupancy permit requirements and inspections during the
15 course of construction.
16 Section 504. Variances.
17 Any municipality electing to administer the provisions of
18 this act under section 501 or 502 shall establish a Board on
19 Variances to make determinations on request for variance from
20 the energy conservation standards contained herein or as
21 promulgated by the department with the approval of the Building
22 Energy Conservation Committee, and is authorized exclusive
23 jurisdiction to grant such variances, section 307(a)
24 notwithstanding. A variance shall only be granted if the
25 criteria of section 307(b) have been satisfied.
26 Section 505. Disposition of fines.
27 Any fines collected under this act by any municipality
28 electing to administer the provisions of this act under section
29 501 or 502 shall be retained by the municipality, section 313(c)
30 notwithstanding.
19790H0080B0082 - 58 -
1 CHAPTER 6
2 REPORT TO GENERAL ASSEMBLY
3 Section 601. Report to General Assembly.
4 Thirty months after the effective date of this act, the
5 department shall report to the General Assembly the results of
6 the inspections it has performed under this act together with a
7 report on public compliance with this act.
8 Section 602. Effective date.
9 This act shall take effect as follows:
10 (1) Chapter 2 shall take effect January 1, 1980 and
11 shall remain in full force and effect for a period of one
12 year after which time the provisions of Chapter 2 shall have
13 no legal effect.
14 (2) Section 301 shall take effect July 1, 1979 and its
15 provisions shall remain in full force and effect for a period
16 of 18 months after which time said provisions shall have no
17 legal effect.
18 (3) Chapter 4 shall take effect January 1, 1981.
19 (4) All other provisions of this act shall take effect
20 July 1, 1979.
L13L54JLW/19790H0080B0082 - 59 -